https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/index.php?title=caledonos&feed=atom&action=historycaledonos - Revision history2024-03-29T02:05:20ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.38.1https://lexlep.univie.ac.at/index.php?title=caledonos&diff=28535&oldid=prevCorinna Salomon at 22:32, 23 January 20242024-01-23T22:32:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Commentary ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Commentary ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genitive of a Celtic ''on''-stem personal name ''kaledū'', which finds exact comparanda in Gaulish coin legends ({{bib|RIG}} M-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">88</del>, M-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">89 <span class="tr_lat"></del>caledu<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></span></del>, see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 214). The name is certainly connected with the ethnonym ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">caledones</del>'', though the exact relationship – ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">caledones</del>'' being simply the plural of ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">caledū</del>'' without derivation suffix in either form – is unclear. There is general agreement that the base is {{m||kal-}} 'hard' as in *''kaleto''- 'id.', but <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the second element/suffix -''ed''- has not been convincingly explained. As </del>asserted by {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f. (pace {{bib|Luján 2003}}: 200)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>''kaled''- cannot be directly compared with ''kalet''-, which is formed with a different suffix. The Latin attestations of the ethnonym show long /ē/ (''calēdones''), which cannot be etymological in Gaulish (where <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it should be </del>> /ī/); Gaulish /ē/ could be < */ei̯/, but no such suffix is known. If /ē/ in Latin should be secondary in some way (though it is not evident how or why), the suffix can be the ubiquitous, but enigmatic {{m||-ed-}}. {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f., who assumes that /ē/ is etymological, proposes an analysis as a compound *''kal-pēd-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on</del>''- 'hard-footed', but lengthened-grade is rare in *''ped''- as a second element in Celtic, and the absence of a stem vowel in the first element makes a compound unlikely.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genitive of a Celtic ''on''-stem personal name ''kaledū'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(cf. {{bib|Salomon 2023}}: 27)</ins>, which finds exact comparanda in Gaulish coin legends ({{bib|RIG}} M-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">88–90</ins>, M-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">257 {{tr|lat|</ins>caledu<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}, cf. also {{bib|CIL}} VIII 19745 {{tr|lat|caledia}}</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and repeated ''caledō'' (</ins>see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 214). The name is certainly connected with the ethnonym ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kaledones</ins>'', though the exact relationship – ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kaledones</ins>'' being simply the plural of ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kaledū</ins>'' without derivation suffix in either form – is unclear. There is general agreement that the base is {{m||kal-}} 'hard' as in *''kaleto''- 'id.', but <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">– as </ins>asserted by {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f. (pace {{bib|Luján 2003}}: 200) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">– </ins>''kaled''- cannot be directly compared with ''kalet''-, which is formed with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[-et-|</ins>a different suffix<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]; the second element/suffix -''ed''- has not been convincingly explained</ins>. The Latin attestations of the ethnonym show long /<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ē<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/ (''calēdones''), which cannot be etymological in Gaulish (where <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/{{p||ē}}/ </ins>> /<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ī<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/); Gaulish /<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ē<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/ could be < */<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ei̯<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/, but no such suffix is known. If /<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ē<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/ in Latin should be secondary in some way (though it is not evident how or why), the suffix can be the ubiquitous, but enigmatic {{m||-ed-}}<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. See the morpheme page on a potential connection with the suffix of Lat. ''calidus'' – it could be considered whether the root present in ''kaledū'', ''kaledones'' (and any of the unsuffixed bases ''kalo''- in Gaulish PNN) is not the same as in the Insular Celtic 'hard'-words, but *''k̑el''- 'warming', which is not lexically attested in Celtic</ins>. {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f., who assumes that /<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{p||</ins>ē<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins>/ is etymological <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and suggests that the Romans may have encountered the ethnonym before /{{p||ē}}/ > /{{p||ī}}/ (and the coin legends also reflect that state, or show influence from Latin?)</ins>, proposes an analysis as a compound *''kal-pēd-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">h₃n</ins>''- 'hard-footed', but lengthened-grade is rare in *''ped''- as a second element in Celtic, and the absence of a stem vowel in the first element makes a compound unlikely.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> </div></td></tr>
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</table>Corinna Salomonhttps://lexlep.univie.ac.at/index.php?title=caledonos&diff=27698&oldid=prevCorinna Salomon: /* Commentary */2023-08-13T15:45:54Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Commentary</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Commentary ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Commentary ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genitive of a Celtic ''on''-stem personal name ''kaledū'', which finds exact comparanda in Gaulish coin legends ({{bib|RIG}} M-88, M-89 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>caledu<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>, see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 214). The name is certainly connected with the ethnonym ''caledones'', though the exact relationship – ''caledones'' being simply the plural of ''caledū'' without derivation suffix in either form – is unclear. There is general agreement that the base is {{m||kal-}} 'hard' as in *''kaleto''- 'id.', but the second element/suffix -''ed''- has not been convincingly explained. As asserted by {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f. (pace {{bib|Luján 2003}}: 200), ''kaled''- cannot be directly compared with ''kalet''-, which is formed with a different suffix. The Latin attestations of the ethnonym show long /ē/ (''calēdones''), which cannot be etymological in Gaulish (where it should be > /ī/); Gaulish /ē/ could be < */ei̯/, but no such suffix is known. If /ē/ in Latin should be secondary in some way (though it is not evident how or why), the suffix can be the ubiquitous, but enigmatic {{m||-ed-}}. {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f., who assumes that /ē/ is etymological, proposes an analysis as a compound *''kal-pēd-on''- 'hard-footed', but lengthened-grade is rare in *''ped''- as a second element in Celtic, and the absence of a stem vowel in the first element makes a compound unlikely.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Genitive of a Celtic ''on''-stem personal name ''kaledū'', which finds exact comparanda in Gaulish coin legends ({{bib|RIG}} M-88, M-89 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tr_lat"></ins>caledu<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></span></ins>, see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 214). The name is certainly connected with the ethnonym ''caledones'', though the exact relationship – ''caledones'' being simply the plural of ''caledū'' without derivation suffix in either form – is unclear. There is general agreement that the base is {{m||kal-}} 'hard' as in *''kaleto''- 'id.', but the second element/suffix -''ed''- has not been convincingly explained. As asserted by {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f. (pace {{bib|Luján 2003}}: 200), ''kaled''- cannot be directly compared with ''kalet''-, which is formed with a different suffix. The Latin attestations of the ethnonym show long /ē/ (''calēdones''), which cannot be etymological in Gaulish (where it should be > /ī/); Gaulish /ē/ could be < */ei̯/, but no such suffix is known. If /ē/ in Latin should be secondary in some way (though it is not evident how or why), the suffix can be the ubiquitous, but enigmatic {{m||-ed-}}. {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f., who assumes that /ē/ is etymological, proposes an analysis as a compound *''kal-pēd-on''- 'hard-footed', but lengthened-grade is rare in *''ped''- as a second element in Celtic, and the absence of a stem vowel in the first element makes a compound unlikely.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{bibliography}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{bibliography}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Corinna Salomonhttps://lexlep.univie.ac.at/index.php?title=caledonos&diff=24845&oldid=prevCorinna Salomon at 18:33, 17 November 20212021-11-17T18:33:37Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{word<br />
|type_word=proper noun<br />
|stem_class=on<br />
|number=sg.<br />
|case=gen.<br />
|gender=masc.<br />
|language=Celtic<br />
|analysis_morphemic={{m|kal-|kal}}{{m|-ed-|-ed}}{{m|-onos}} (?)<br />
|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|k}}{{p|a}}{{p|l}}{{p|ē}}{{p|d}}{{p|o}}{{p|n}}{{p|o}}{{p|s}}/<br />
|meaning='of Caledu'<br />
|field_semantic=personal name<br />
|checklevel=0<br />
}}<br />
== Commentary ==<br />
Genitive of a Celtic ''on''-stem personal name ''kaledū'', which finds exact comparanda in Gaulish coin legends ({{bib|RIG}} M-88, M-89 ''caledu'', see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 214). The name is certainly connected with the ethnonym ''caledones'', though the exact relationship – ''caledones'' being simply the plural of ''caledū'' without derivation suffix in either form – is unclear. There is general agreement that the base is {{m||kal-}} 'hard' as in *''kaleto''- 'id.', but the second element/suffix -''ed''- has not been convincingly explained. As asserted by {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f. (pace {{bib|Luján 2003}}: 200), ''kaled''- cannot be directly compared with ''kalet''-, which is formed with a different suffix. The Latin attestations of the ethnonym show long /ē/ (''calēdones''), which cannot be etymological in Gaulish (where it should be > /ī/); Gaulish /ē/ could be < */ei̯/, but no such suffix is known. If /ē/ in Latin should be secondary in some way (though it is not evident how or why), the suffix can be the ubiquitous, but enigmatic {{m||-ed-}}. {{bib|Zimmer 2006}}: 165 f., who assumes that /ē/ is etymological, proposes an analysis as a compound *''kal-pēd-on''- 'hard-footed', but lengthened-grade is rare in *''ped''- as a second element in Celtic, and the absence of a stem vowel in the first element makes a compound unlikely.<br />
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> <br />
{{bibliography}}</div>Corinna Salomon