View source for -il(l)-

{{morpheme
|type_morpheme=derivational
|function=diminutive (?)
|language=Celtic
|analysis_phonemic=-/{{p|i}}{{p|l}}/- and/or -/{{p|i}}{{p|ll}}/-
|checklevel=0
}}
== Commentary ==
Common in Continental Celtic onomastics (cf. {{bib|Stüber 2005}}: 71 f., {{bib|Stüber et al. 2009}}: 34, 259). See {{bib|Untermann 1960}}: 275–279, 83 f., 288–290 for attestations in PNN of Northern Italy, specifically the Milano namescape.

The suffix variant must ultimatively go back to PIE agentive and instrumental *-''l''-, which also derived diminutives ({{bib|Brugmann 1906}}: 373 ff., {{bib|Leumann 1977}}: 310, {{bib|Weiss 2009}}: 279 f., but see below); -''il''(''l'')- through recutting (cf. {{m||-ul(l)-}}). See {{bib|De Bernardo Stempel 1999}}: 222–228 for the lexical ''l''-suffix in Insular Celtic, and cf. {{m||-al-}}. Continental Celtic onomastic -''il''(''l'')- is most likely diminutive (cf. {{bib|LEIA}}: D-195 s.v. ''drettel'', but cf. also {{bib|Schuhmann 2003}}, who argues that it is the use of *-''l''- to form hypocoristics, derived from appurtenance, which goes back to PIE, and that its diminutive function is a secondary development in certain branches). How exactly the specific forms of the suffix developed is unclear; in Cisalpine Celtic, the initial vowel does frequently, but not always correspond to the stem vowel of the base. Geminate ''ll'' may be expressive, as common in hypocoristics (cf. {{bib|LEIA}}: D-195 s.v. ''drettel''), or generalised from forms in which it arose through assimilation, as in Latin ({{bib|Leumann 1977}}: 305 f., {{bib|Weiss 2009}}: 300 with n. 88). Since the suffix, with various initial vowels due to recutting, is productive in many IE branches (esp. Lat. -''ill''-, Gr. -''ιλ''(''λ'')-), interference from these quarters must be expected.
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p>
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