Morphological Lexicon

From Lexicon Leponticum
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Below, you can find a comprehensive collection of all morphemes in inscriptions with relevance for the study of Cisalpine Celtic.
At the moment, there are 202 morphemes included in Lexicon Leponticum.
Note that stem vowels are registered as part of the inflectional endings or as separate composition vowels; lexical and derivational morphemes are listed without the stem vowels.
See Conventions and Abbreviations for transliteration conventions and Morphology for further information.

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Full list of morphemes contained in Lexicon Leponticum

MorphemeTypeMeaningFunctionLanguage
inflectionalnom. sg. (ā-stem)Celtic
-ā-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
ađ-lexicalunknownCeltic
-a-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
-ā (Lat.)inflectionalnom. sg. (ā-stem)Latin
ad-lexical'to; very'intensifyingCeltic
ag-lexical'battle'; 'drive, lead'Celtic
aged-lexicalunknownCeltic
-āi̯inflectionaldat. sg. (ā-stem)Celtic
ai̯u-lexical'lifeforce, lifetime'Celtic
āk-lexical'fast'Celtic
-āk-derivationaladjectival (hypocoristic?, patronymic?)Celtic
-al-derivationalpatronymicLepontic
-al- 2derivationalunknownunknown
alk-lexical'elk' (?)Celtic
all-lexical'other'Celtic
-āminflectionalacc. sg. (ā-stem)Celtic
-am-derivationalsuperlativeCeltic
ambi-lexical'around'Celtic
an-lexicalunknownCeltic
an- (privative)lexicalprivativeCeltic
ande-lexical'(with)in, beneath; very' (?)Celtic
are-lexical'in front, before, near, east of'Celtic
art-lexical'bear'Celtic
-āsinflectionalgen. sg. (ā-stem)Celtic
-at-derivationalunknownCeltic
ate-lexical'again; very'intensifyingCeltic
ater-lexical'father'Celtic
at(t)-lexicalunknownCeltic
au̯-lexical'grandson, descendant'Celtic
banu̯-lexical'young pig'Celtic
belg-lexical'proud / wrathful' (?)Celtic
bii̯-lexical'striker'Celtic
bir(r)-lexical'short' (?)Celtic
bīt-lexical'struck'Celtic
bit-lexical'world, age, life'Celtic
biu̯-lexical'alive, vital'Celtic
brīg-lexical'worth, honour'Celtic
brig-lexical'height, mountain, fortress'Celtic
brist-lexical'fight'Celtic
brū-lexicaluncertainCeltic
brog-lexical'border, territory'Celtic
buđ-lexicalunknownCeltic
bog-lexical'break'Celtic
bou̯-lexical'cow, cattle'Celtic
bou̯d-lexical'victory'Celtic
dall-lexical'blind'Celtic
dēu̯-lexical'god'Celtic
dī-lexical'from'privative, intensifyingCeltic
dubn-lexical'deep; world'Celtic
dūn-lexical'hillfort, mountain'Celtic
dunn-lexical'brown'Celtic
dūr-lexical'hard' ('long'?)Celtic
dut-lexicalunknownCeltic
-einflectional3rd person singular pastCeltic
-e-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
-ebosinflectionaldat. pl. (cons. stem)Celtic
-ed-derivationalunclearCeltic
-ei̯inflectionaldat. sg. (i-stem)Celtic
-ek-derivationalCeltic
el-lexical'many, much'Celtic
-ē̆n-derivationalunknownCeltic
-entsinflectionalacc. sg. (cons. stem)Celtic
ep-lexical'horse'Celtic
eri-lexical'around, near'Celtic
ēt-lexical'meadow, pasture, (grazing) land'Celtic
-et-derivationalagentiveCeltic
eχs-lexical'out of, without'Celtic
gal-lexical'ability, strength, valour'Celtic
galat-lexical'having ability, strength, valour'Celtic
gi̯am-lexical'winter'Celtic
gnāt-lexical'born', 'known'Celtic
gođ-lexical'guest'Celtic
gon(n)-lexical'descendant, offspring' (?)Celtic
inflectionalgen. sg. (o-stem)Cisalpine Gaulish
-i-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
-ī (Lat.)inflectionalgen. sg. (o-stem)Latin
i̯ant-lexical'ambition, zeal' (?)Celtic
-(i)i̯-derivationalappositive, individualising, agentive, patronymicCeltic
-ik-derivationalhypocoristic (?)Celtic
-ikn-derivationalpatronymicCeltic
-il(l)-derivationaldiminutive (?)Celtic
in-lexical'in'-Celtic
-ī̆n-derivationaladjectivalCeltic
-isinflectionalnom. sg. (i-stem)Celtic
-is (Lat.)inflectionalgen. sg. (cons. stem)Latin
-isam-derivationalsuperlativeCeltic
-iss-derivationalhypocoristicCeltic
ist-lexicaldemonstrative pronounCeltic
i̯ou̯ink-lexical'young'Celtic
kai̯-lexicalunknownunknown
kal-lexical'hard'Celtic
kart-lexicalunknownCeltic
kass-lexicalunknownCeltic
kat-lexical'battle, fight'Celtic
kelt-lexicaluncertainCeltic
kīk-lexical'flesh, muscle'Celtic
king-lexical'walk, stride'Celtic
kint-lexical'first'Celtic
klut-lexical'famous'Celtic
kob-lexical'victory'Celtic
koi̯l-lexical'meagre, spare'Celtic
koi̯m-lexical'dear'Celtic
kom-lexical'(together) with'Celtic
kos(s)-lexicalunknownCeltic
kott-lexical'old'Celtic
lān-lexical'plain'Celtic
lāt-lexical'fury, heat' (?)Celtic
leu̯k-lexical'bright, shining'Celtic
litau̯-lexical'earth'Celtic
lūt-lexical'power of movement, vigour' (?)Celtic
mag-lexical'youth'Celtic
mant-lexical'amount'Celtic
mār-lexical'great'Celtic
mat-lexical'good, fortunate, advantageous'Celtic
međ-lexical'judgement'Celtic
medi̯-lexical'middle'Celtic
met-lexical'reap, cut'Celtic
mīn-lexical'mild, gentle'Celtic
mokk-lexical'pig, boar'Celtic
mot-lexicalunclearCeltic
nant-lexical'valley'Celtic
nat-lexical'poem'Celtic
nem-lexicaluncertainCeltic
nemet-lexical'sanctuary'Celtic
-nt-derivationalpresent participleCeltic
inflectionalnom. sg. (on-stem)Latin
-om-derivationalunknown
-oni (Lat.)inflectionaldat. sg. (on-stem)Latin
-onisinflectionalgen. sg. (on-stem)Latin
penn-lexical'head, top'Celtic
pli-lexicalunknownCeltic
prit-lexical'form, shape, manner'Celtic
pompe-lexical'five'Celtic
-śo-lexical'it, them'infixed pronounCisalpine Gaulish
rat-lexical'favour, boon, fortune'Celtic
ređ-lexical'attack' uel sim.Celtic
rēd-lexical'riding, driving'Celtic
rēm-lexical'prince'Celtic
ret-lexical'run, race'Celtic
rīg-lexical'ruler, king'Celtic
rii̯-lexical'free'Celtic
rit-lexical'course, race, attack?'Celtic
rūn-lexical'secret'Celtic
-sinflectionalnom. sg. (cons. stem)Celtic
-s (3pl.)inflectional3rd person pluralCeltic
seg-lexical'strength, victory'Celtic
sent-lexical'path'Celtic
set-lexicalunknownCeltic
sū̆r-lexicalunknownCeltic
sol(l)-lexicalunknownCeltic
-tinflectionalpreteriteCeltic
tal-lexical'front, forehead'Celtic
teđ-lexical'heat, fire'Celtic
tek-lexical'pretty'Celtic
tengu̯-lexical'tongue'Celtic
tep-lexical'run, flee'Celtic
to-inflectionalCeltic
tou̯t-lexical'crowd, people'; 'good, north, left, bad, magic'Celtic
-u-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
inflectionalnom. sg. (on-stem)Celtic
-ū (3sg.)inflectional3rd person singular pastCeltic
u̯ađ-lexical'servant'Celtic
u̯al-lexical'ruler, prince'Celtic
u̯allau̯n-lexical'ruler'Celtic
u̯ē̆k-lexicalunknownCeltic
u̯en-lexical'family/clan member, friend'Celtic
u̯er-lexical'over'intensifyingCeltic
u̯es-lexical'worthy, excellent'Celtic
u̯iđ-lexical'known, knowledge'Celtic
-ūi̯inflectionaldat. sg. (o-stem)Celtic
u̯id-lexical'knowing' (?)Celtic
u̯ik-lexical'fight'Celtic
u̯imp-lexical'pretty'Celtic
u̯īn-lexical'wine'Celtic
u̯ind-lexical'bright, white, fair'Celtic
u̯int-lexicalunknownCeltic
u̯īs-lexical'worthy, noble'Celtic
u̯īt-lexical'withe, willow'Celtic
-uk-derivationalhypocoristic (?)Celtic
-ul(l)-derivationaldiminutive (?)Celtic
u̯rīt-lexical'found'Celtic
-usinflectionalnom. sg. (u-stem)Celtic
-us (Lat.)inflectionalnom. sg. (o-stem)Latin
u̯o-lexical'under'Celtic
u̯olk-lexical'falcon'Celtic
-o-derivationalcomposition vowelCeltic
obn-lexical'fear'Celtic
-obosinflectionaldat. pl. (o-stem)Celtic
-oi̯inflectionalnom. pl. (o-stem)Celtic
-oi̯soinflectionalgen. sg. (o-stem)Lepontic
oll-lexical'ample, big' (?)Celtic
-ominflectionalacc. sg. (o-stem)Celtic
-om (n.)inflectionalnom./acc. sg. (neut. o-stem)Celtic
-on-derivationalindividualisingCeltic
-oninflectionalnom. sg. (neut. o-stem)Cisalpine Gaulish
-on (acc.sg.)inflectionalacc. sg. (o-stem)Cisalpine Gaulish
-onei̯inflectionaldat. sg. (on-stem)Celtic
-oniinflectionaldat. sg. (on-stem)Celtic
-onosinflectionalgen. sg. (on-stem)Celtic
-osinflectionalnom. sg. (o-stem)Celtic
-os (gen.sg.)inflectionalgen. sg. (cons. stem)Celtic