Morphological Lexicon
From Lexicon Leponticum
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Below, you can find a comprehensive collection of all morphemes in inscriptions with relevance for the study of Cisalpine Celtic.
At the moment, there are 126 morphemes included in Lexicon Leponticum.
Note that stem vowels are registered as part of the inflectional endings or as separate composition vowels; lexical and derivational morphemes are listed without the stem vowels.
See Conventions and Abbreviations for transliteration conventions and Morphology for further information.
You may filter for:
- Morphemes classified as Lepontic (2)
- Morphemes classified as Cisalpine Gaulish (4)
- Morphemes classified as unspecified Celtic (118)
- Morphemes classified as Celtic (including Lepontic and Cisalpine Gaulish) (124)
- Non-Celtic morphemes (2)
- Lexical morphemes (80)
- Derivational morphemes (23)
- Inflectional morphemes (23)
Full list of morphemes contained in Lexicon Leponticum
| Morpheme | Type | Meaning | Function | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ā | inflectional | nom. sg. (ā-stem) | Celtic | |
| -a- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| -ā- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| ad- | lexical | 'to; very' | intensifying | Celtic |
| aged- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| -āi̯ | inflectional | dat. sg. (ā-stem) | Celtic | |
| ai̯u- | lexical | 'lifeforce, lifetime' | Celtic | |
| -āk- | derivational | adjectival (hypocoristic?, patronymic?) | Celtic | |
| -al- | derivational | patronymic | Lepontic | |
| alk- | lexical | 'elk' (?) | Celtic | |
| -ām | inflectional | acc. sg. (ā-stem) | Celtic | |
| ambi- | lexical | 'around' | Celtic | |
| an- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| ande- | lexical | '(with)in, beneath; very' (?) | Celtic | |
| are- | lexical | 'in front, before, near, east of' | Celtic | |
| art- | lexical | 'bear' | Celtic | |
| -ās | inflectional | gen. sg. (ā-stem) | Celtic | |
| -at- | derivational | unknown | Celtic | |
| ate- | lexical | 'again; very' | intensifying | Celtic |
| at(t)- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| banu̯- | lexical | 'young pig' | Celtic | |
| belg- | lexical | 'proud / wrathful' (?) | Celtic | |
| bi- | lexical | 'strike, hit' | Celtic | |
| bir(r)- | lexical | 'short' (?) | Celtic | |
| bit- | lexical | 'world, age, life' | Celtic | |
| biu̯- | lexical | 'alive, vital' | Celtic | |
| brig- | lexical | 'height, mountain, fortress' | Celtic | |
| brīg- | lexical | 'worth, honour' | Celtic | |
| brist- | lexical | 'fight' | Celtic | |
| brū- | lexical | uncertain | Celtic | |
| brog- | lexical | 'border, territory' | Celtic | |
| buđ- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| bou̯- | lexical | 'cow, cattle' | Celtic | |
| bou̯d- | lexical | 'victory' | Celtic | |
| dall- | lexical | 'blind' | Celtic | |
| dēu̯- | lexical | 'god' | Celtic | |
| dubn- | lexical | 'deep; world' | Celtic | |
| dūr- | lexical | 'hard' ('long'?) | Celtic | |
| dut- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| -e- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| -ed- | derivational | unclear | Celtic | |
| -ei̯ | inflectional | dat. sg. (i-stem) | Celtic | |
| el- | lexical | 'many, much' | Celtic | |
| -en- | derivational | unknown | Celtic | |
| ep- | lexical | 'horse' | Celtic | |
| -eś | inflectional | acc. sg. (cons. stem) | Celtic | |
| ēt- | lexical | 'meadow, pasture, (grazing) land' | Celtic | |
| -et- | derivational | agentive | Celtic | |
| eχs- | lexical | 'out of, without' | Celtic | |
| gal- | lexical | 'ability, strength, valour' | Celtic | |
| galat- | lexical | 'having ability, strength, valour' | Celtic | |
| gi̯am- | lexical | 'winter' | Celtic | |
| gon(n)- | lexical | 'descendant, offspring' (?) | Celtic | |
| -ī | inflectional | gen. sg. (o-stem) | Cisalpine Gaulish | |
| -i̯- | derivational | individualising suffix, genitival suffix | Celtic | |
| -i- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| -ii̯- | derivational | patronymic | Celtic | |
| -ik- | derivational | hypocoristic (?) | Celtic | |
| -ikn- | derivational | patronymic | Celtic | |
| -il(l)- | derivational | diminutive (?) | Celtic | |
| in- | lexical | 'in'- | Celtic | |
| -is | inflectional | nom. sg. (i-stem) | Celtic | |
| -isam- | derivational | superlative | Celtic | |
| -iss- | derivational | hypocoristic | Celtic | |
| kai̯- | lexical | unknown | unknown | |
| kal- | lexical | 'hard' | Celtic | |
| kart- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| kass- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| kat- | lexical | 'battle, fight' | Celtic | |
| king- | lexical | 'walk, stride' | Celtic | |
| kint- | lexical | 'first' | Celtic | |
| klut- | lexical | 'famous' | Celtic | |
| kob- | lexical | 'victory' | Celtic | |
| kom- | lexical | '(together) with' | Celtic | |
| kott- | lexical | 'old' | Celtic | |
| lān- | lexical | 'plain' | Celtic | |
| leu̯k- | lexical | 'bright, shining' | Celtic | |
| medi̯- | lexical | 'middle' | Celtic | |
| mīn- | lexical | 'mild, gentle' | Celtic | |
| -nt- | derivational | present participle | Celtic | |
| pli- | lexical | unknown | Celtic | |
| prit- | lexical | 'form, shape, manner' | Celtic | |
| pompe- | lexical | 'five' | Celtic | |
| -śo- | lexical | 'it, them' | infixed pronoun | Cisalpine Gaulish |
| rat- | lexical | 'favour, boon, fortune' | Celtic | |
| ret- | lexical | 'run, race' | Celtic | |
| rīg- | lexical | 'ruler, king' | Celtic | |
| rii̯- | lexical | 'free' | Celtic | |
| rit- | lexical | 'course, race, attack?' | Celtic | |
| -s | inflectional | nom. sg. (cons. stem) | Celtic | |
| seg- | lexical | 'strength, victory' | Celtic | |
| tal- | lexical | 'front, forehead' | Celtic | |
| tengu̯- | lexical | 'tongue' | Celtic | |
| tep- | lexical | 'run, flee' | Celtic | |
| to- | inflectional | Celtic | ||
| tou̯t- | lexical | 'crowd, people'; 'good, north, left, bad, magic' | Celtic | |
| -u- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| -ū | inflectional | nom. sg. (on-stem) | Celtic | |
| u̯al- | lexical | 'ruler, prince' | Celtic | |
| u̯allau̯n- | lexical | 'ruler' | Celtic | |
| u̯en- | lexical | 'family/clan member, friend' | Celtic | |
| u̯er- | lexical | 'over' | intensifying | Celtic |
| u̯es- | lexical | 'worthy, excellent' | Celtic | |
| u̯iđ- | lexical | 'known, knowledge' | Celtic | |
| -ūi̯ | inflectional | dat. sg. (o-stem) | Celtic | |
| u̯ik- | lexical | 'fight' | Celtic | |
| u̯ind- | lexical | 'bright, white, fair' | Celtic | |
| u̯īs- | lexical | 'worthy, noble' | Celtic | |
| u̯īt- | lexical | 'withe, willow' | Celtic | |
| -uk- | derivational | hypocoristic (?) | Celtic | |
| -ul(l)- | derivational | diminutive (?) | Celtic | |
| u̯rīt- | lexical | 'found' | Celtic | |
| -us | inflectional | nom. sg. (o-stem) | Latin | |
| u̯olk- | lexical | 'falcon' | Celtic | |
| -o- | derivational | composition vowel | Celtic | |
| -oi̯ | inflectional | nom. pl. (o-stem) | Celtic | |
| -oi̯so | inflectional | gen. sg. (o-stem) | Lepontic | |
| -om | inflectional | acc. sg. (o-stem) | Celtic | |
| -on- | derivational | individualising | Celtic | |
| -on | inflectional | nom. sg. (neut. o-stem) | Cisalpine Gaulish | |
| -on (acc.sg.) | inflectional | acc. sg. (o-stem) | Cisalpine Gaulish | |
| -onei̯ | inflectional | dat. sg. (on-stem) | Celtic | |
| -oni | inflectional | dat. sg. (on-stem) | Celtic | |
| -onos | inflectional | gen. sg. (on-stem) | Celtic | |
| -os | inflectional | nom. sg. (o-stem) | Celtic | |
| -os (gen.sg.) | inflectional | gen. sg. (cons. stem) | Celtic |
