Edit morpheme: ande-

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Morpheme description
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Type:	*
Meaning:
Function:
Language:	none Lepontic Cisalpine Gaulish Celtic Latin Umbrian Etruscan Raetic Ligurian Venetic Old Irish English French German Italian Russian Spanish unknown Slovenian Greek Welsh Transalpine Gaulish Norwegian *
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Phonemic Analysis:	* Use Template:p, e.g. `{{p\|a}}`
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Checklevel:	* 5-fast-alles/4-vieles/3-einiges/2-wenig/1-fast-nichts/0-nichts zu korrigieren, 10-dringend
Problems:	in keywords or as short phrases, separated by ","
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Free text:	==Commentary== The morpheme is frequently attested as first element of Gaulish compound personal names and toponyms (also as ''ando''- with analogical ''o'' (?) as composition vowel and ''and''- with syncope, maybe also ''ante''- and ''ende''-) ({{bib\|Holder 1896–1907}}: 139–151, {{bib\|KGP}}: 126–131, {{bib\|GPN}}: 136–141, {{bib\|DLG}}: 45 f., {{bib\|Delamarre 2007}}: 211 et passim, {{bib\|Wodtko 2013}}: 223). Gaulish onomastic ''ande''- is cognate with Ir. ''ind''(-) 'in, into him/it' and W ''an''(''n'')- 'in' < PIE ''h₁n̥dʰi'' ({{bib\|Holder 1896–1907}}: 139, {{bib\|VKG}} I: 45, {{bib\|Thurneysen 1946}}: 521, {{bib\|IEW}}: 312, {{bib\|GPN}}: 136 f., {{bib\|Lejeune 1971}}: 105, n. 367, {{bib\|McCone 1996}}: 50, 70, 73, [42], 112, {{bib\|Prósper 2002}}: 351, 355) or ''h₁n̥di'' ({{bib\|Schrijver 1991}}: 58, {{bib\|Zair 2012}}: 34, excluding Skr. ''ádhi'' from the list of cognates) 'therein' from the root ''h₁en'' 'in' (while OIr. ''and'' 'there, then' / ''and''- 'in him/it' < ''h₁n̥dom''; {{bib\|McCone 1996}}: 73, [42], 112, {{bib\|Matasović 2009}} s.v. ''andom''). See also {{m\|\|in-}}. On the weakening of ''i'' to ''e'' in the auslauts of certain prepositions see {{bib\|VKG}}: I 40, 256, {{bib\|CCCG}}: 4, 68, {{bib\|Lejeune 1971}}: 119, n. 411, {{bib\|Lambert 1994}}: 41, {{bib\|Uhlich 2010}}: 145–149 (and cf. {{m\|\|are-}}, {{m\|\|ate-}}) – ''ando''- possibly < ''h₁n̥do''- (cf. OLat. ''endo'', Hitt. ''anda'', {{bib\|Schrijver 1991}}: 58 f., {{bib\|Zair 2012}}: 34)? A meaning 'in' can be argued in most names, e.g., ''andebrocirix'' 'king in the territory' ({{bib\|KGP}}: 127), ''andegenus'' 'bearing the lineage within', ''andecamulus'' 'having Camulus [Mars] within', {{w\|\|anokopokios\|andocombogios}} 'having a warrior within' ({{bib\|KGP}}: 58). The frequently encountered identification of Gaul. ''ande''- as an intensive prefix ({{bib\|Holder 1896–1907}}: 139, {{bib\|Dillon 1944}}: 103–105, {{bib\|Thurneysen 1946}}: 521, {{bib\|GPN}}: 136 f., {{bib\|Lejeune & Marichal 1977}}: 167, {{bib\|DLG}}: 45, {{bib\|Uhlich 2007}}: 376) stems from the comparison with the intensive prefixes Ir. ''an''-, W ''an''-/''en''-, which are of uncertain origin ({{bib\|LEIA}}: A-70, {{bib\|De Bernardo Stempel 1987}}: 73–75). This intensive function is exemplified with names like ''anderoudus'' 'very red' ({{bib\|Holder 1896–1907}}: 145), ''andecarus'' 'very dear'; cf. also {{w\|\|anareuiśeos}} 'having great foresight' (or 'having foresight within'?), {{w\|\|anteśilu}} 'very hot(-tempered)' (or 'having fire within'?), {{w\|\|anokopokios\|andocombogios}} 'very warrior-like'? ''andecamulus'' 'very like Camulus' ({{bib\|Holder 1896–1907}}: 140)? {{bib\|Hamp 1973}}: 166 accounts for the apparent different meanings by assuming homophony in Gaulish of two etyma ''ande''-, some cognate with the intensives (including OIr. ''and''- in ''andfocul'' 'habitual saying', ''andglondas'' 'habitual cruelty') and some with the forms < ''h₁n̥dʰi''. The discussion also involves the possible lexical attestation in the Gaulish Chamalières inscription L-100 ''andedíon'', which, according to the different possible meanings of ''ande''-, has been interpreted as 'in whom a god is' ({{bib\|Schmidt 1979}}: 288 with n. 6), as 'very divine' (cf. {{bib\|Lambert 1994}}: 153), and as 'god of the underworld' (OIr. ''andé'' 'id.') based on a primary meaning of ''ande''- 'below' (cf. ''anderon'' < ''h₁n̥dʰero''- in the same text; {{bib\|Lambert 1979}}: 141–144, {{bib\|Lambert 1985}}: 157, {{bib\|Lambert 1994}}: 153; {{bib\|Lambert 1994}}: 97 considers the function of ''ande''- as an intensive prefix in (certain) personal names to be an extension of the primary meaning 'below'). Gaulish ''ande''/''o''- appears as ⟨ane⟩/⟨ano⟩ in all (putative) instances in Cisalpine Celtic, which indicates the weakening or complete assimilation of the stop [an<sup>d</sup>e] (Stifter) or [anne] ({{bib\|Lejeune 1971}}: 105, n. 367, {{bib\|Uhlich 2007}}: 376); see [[The Cisalpine Celtic Languages]] on the frequent non-spelling of /d/ in the (historical) cluster /nd/ and its implications for Cisalpine Celtic sound change. <p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon\|Corinna Salomon]]</p>
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Edit morpheme: ande-

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