TI·45.2: Difference between revisions

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{{inscription
{{inscription
|reading=atai!aṭaị : uesa?a(...)ai!uesa?a[...]ai : pala
|reading=auai!aụaị : uesa?ai!uesa?aị : pala
|reading_lepontic={{c|A|A14}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A14}}{{c|P}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|A|A14}}[...]{{c|A|A14}}?{{c|A|A14}}{{c|S}}{{c|E}}{{c|U}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|A|A24}}{{c|T}}{{c|A|A14}}
|reading_lepontic={{c|A|A14}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A14}}{{c|P}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|A|A14}}?{{c|A|A14}}{{c|S}}{{c|E}}{{c|U}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|A|A24}}{{c|U}}{{c|A|A14}}
|reading_variant={{w|atai|at&#x0323;ai&#x0323;}} : uesa?ai : pala<br>{{c||A14}}{{c||L}}{{c||A14}}{{c||P}}{{c||separator3}}{{c||I}}{{c||A14}}?{{c||A14}}{{c||S}}{{c||E}}{{c||U}}{{c||separator3}}{{c||I}}{{c||A24}}{{c|T}}{{c||A14}}
|direction=sinistroverse
|direction=sinistroverse
|letter_height_min=10 cm
|letter_height_min=7 cm
|letter_height_max=12 cm
|letter_height_max=12 cm
|letter_number_min=16
|letter_number_min=16
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|frame_left=head
|frame_left=head
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_right=unknown
|frame_right=feet
|workmanship=carved
|workmanship=carved
|condition=damaged
|condition=damaged
|type_inscription=funerary
|type_inscription=funerary
|language=Celtic
|language=Celtic
|meaning='<i>pala</i> for ...'
|meaning='<i>pala</i> for Aua daughter of Ues°' (?)
|culture_archaeological=Golasecca III A, La Tène B, La Tène C
|culture_archaeological=Golasecca III A, La Tène B, La Tène C
|sortdate=-375
|sortdate=-325
|date=5<sup>th</sup>–mid-3<sup>rd</sup> c. BC
|date=5<sup>th</sup>–mid-2<sup>rd</sup> c. BC
|date_derivation‎=typology
|date_derivation‎=typology
|morandi=302 B
|morandi=302 B
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}}
}}
== Commentary ==
== Commentary ==
First published in {{bib|Solinas 2002}}: 487 f., no. 2 B.
First published in {{bib|Solinas 2002}}: 487 f., no. 2 B. Examined for LexLep on 19<sup>th</sup> October 2023.


Images in {{bib|Solinas 2002}}: 486 (drawing), {{bib|Morandi 2004}}: 720, fig. 39.302 (drawing) and 811, tav. XXXIV.302 (photo).
Images in {{bib|Solinas 2002}}: 486 (drawing), {{bib|Morandi 2004}}: 720, fig. 39.302 (drawing) and 811, tav. XXXIV.302 (photo).


Inscribed running from the bottom toward the top between frame lines (14 cm distance; length 125 cm) with stylised head and feet (or no?). The inscription is applied on the left-hand side of the stela's front face, fitted in beside the older and larger [[TI·45.1]]. The close association of the two frames, sharing one frame line and the smaller one's head being fitted into the longer one's neck, suggests that the inscriptions are associated; cf. [[TI·36.1]]/[[TI·36.2]].  
Inscribed running from the bottom toward the top (length 135 cm) between frame lines with stylised head and feet (frame width 12 cm, frame length 152 cm). The inscription is applied on the left-hand side of the stela's front face, fitted in beside the older and larger [[TI·45.1]]. The close association of the two frames, sharing one frame line and the smaller one's head being fitted into the longer one's neck, suggests that the inscriptions are associated; cf. [[TI·36.1]]/[[TI·36.2]].  


The letters are heavily abraded especially in the lower part; apart from final {{w||pala}}, the readings of Morandi (above) and Solinas differ considerably. The inscription does appear to contain the standard text formula of Ticino gravestones with the name of the deceased in the dative and {{w||pala}}; see the word pages for details.
The letters are heavily abraded; apart from final {{w||pala}}, the readings of Solinas (---]''al''-''ei''---''a''-''pala'') and Morandi (''At&#x0323;ai&#x0323;''['':''] ''Uesa''x''a''[---]''ai:pala'') differ considerably. Morandi's reading of the beginning of the inscription could be mostly confirmed in autopsy; indeed, the outlines of ''a''-''ai:uesa'' are present in Solinas' drawing. The second letter is more likely to be upsilon {{c||U}} than {{c||T}}. Judging by his drawing, Morandi's reading appears to include an erroneously doubled alpha; between ''uesa'' and the next alpha (''ai:pala''), there is space for only one letter. The sequence is most straightforwardly amended to a patronym (or possibly metronym) {{w||uesalai}} to go with the personal name {{w||auai}} or {{w||atai}}; the inscription thus contains the standard text formula of Ticino gravestones with the name of the deceased in the dative and {{w||pala}}; see the word pages for details. Aua/At(t)a may be the wife of the person named in [[TI·45.1]], cf. [[TI·36.1]]/[[TI·36.2]] – At(t)a, if from {{m||at(t)-|atta}} 'foster father', could theoretically be masculine, but the combination with an ''ā''-stem appositive suggests a feminine name (though it is strictly speaking not clear whether a masculine ''ā''-stem name would agree with its appositive grammatically or pragmatically). For {{w||auai}} cf. [[TI·34.1]] {{w||aui}}.


Dating based on the shape of the anthropomorphic frame according to the typology of {{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1991}}: 206 (type B or C?).
Dating based on the shape of the anthropomorphic frame according to the typology of {{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1991}}: 206 (type B or C?).
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p>
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p>
{{bibliography}}
{{bibliography}}

Latest revision as of 19:40, 24 January 2024

edit with form
Inscription
Reading in transliteration: aụaị : uesa?aị : pala
Reading in original script: A14 sL sA14 sP sseparator3 sI sA14 s?A14 sS sE sU sseparator3 sI sA24 sU sA14 s
Variant reading: aṭaị : uesa?ai : pala
A14 sL sA14 sP sseparator3 sI sA14 s?A14 sS sE sU sseparator3 sI sA24 sT sA14 s
Object: TI·45 Bioggio (stela)
(Inscriptions: TI·45.1, TI·45.2)
Position: front, left-hand side
Orientation: 270°
Frame: headtop and bottomtop and bottomfeet  (left: head, middle: top and bottom, right: feet)
Direction of writing: sinistroverse
Script: North Italic script (Lepontic alphabet)
Letter height: 7–12 cm2.756 in <br />4.724 in <br />
Number of letters: 16
Number of words: 3
Number of lines: 1
Workmanship: carved
Condition: damaged
Archaeological culture: Golasecca III A, La Tène B, La Tène C
Date of inscription: 5th–mid-2rd c. BC
Type: funerary
Language: Celtic
Meaning: 'pala for Aua daughter of Ues°' (?)
Alternative sigla: Morandi 2004: 302 B
Sources: Morandi 2004: 719 no. 302 B

Images

TI·45.1, TI·45.2
Inscriptions TI·45.1 and TI·45.2 from Morandi
TI·45 Bioggio
Stela TI·45 Bioggio with inscriptions TI·45.1 and TI·45.2 from Morandi
TI·45.1, TI·45.2
Inscriptions TI·45.1 and TI·45.2 from Solinas
TI·45 Bioggio
Stela TI·45 Bioggio with inscriptions TI·45.1 and TI·45.2

Commentary

First published in Solinas 2002: 487 f., no. 2 B. Examined for LexLep on 19th October 2023.

Images in Solinas 2002: 486 (drawing), Morandi 2004: 720, fig. 39.302 (drawing) and 811, tav. XXXIV.302 (photo).

Inscribed running from the bottom toward the top (length 135 cm) between frame lines with stylised head and feet (frame width 12 cm, frame length 152 cm). The inscription is applied on the left-hand side of the stela's front face, fitted in beside the older and larger TI·45.1. The close association of the two frames, sharing one frame line and the smaller one's head being fitted into the longer one's neck, suggests that the inscriptions are associated; cf. TI·36.1/TI·36.2.

The letters are heavily abraded; apart from final pala, the readings of Solinas (---]al-ei---a-pala) and Morandi (Aṭaị[:] Uesaxa[---]ai:pala) differ considerably. Morandi's reading of the beginning of the inscription could be mostly confirmed in autopsy; indeed, the outlines of a-ai:uesa are present in Solinas' drawing. The second letter is more likely to be upsilon U s than T s. Judging by his drawing, Morandi's reading appears to include an erroneously doubled alpha; between uesa and the next alpha (ai:pala), there is space for only one letter. The sequence is most straightforwardly amended to a patronym (or possibly metronym) uesalai to go with the personal name auai or atai; the inscription thus contains the standard text formula of Ticino gravestones with the name of the deceased in the dative and pala; see the word pages for details. Aua/At(t)a may be the wife of the person named in TI·45.1, cf. TI·36.1/TI·36.2 – At(t)a, if from atta 'foster father', could theoretically be masculine, but the combination with an ā-stem appositive suggests a feminine name (though it is strictly speaking not clear whether a masculine ā-stem name would agree with its appositive grammatically or pragmatically). For auai cf. TI·34.1 aui.

Dating based on the shape of the anthropomorphic frame according to the typology of De Marinis & Motta 1991: 206 (type B or C?).

Corinna Salomon

Bibliography

De Marinis & Motta 1991 Raffaele C. De Marinis, Filippo Motta, "Una nuova iscrizione lepontica su pietra da Mezzovico (Lugano)", Sibrium 21 (1990–1991), 201–225.
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