kalite: Difference between revisions
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|person=3<sup>rd</sup> | |person=3<sup>rd</sup> | ||
|tense=past | |tense=past | ||
|language= | |language=Celtic | ||
|analysis_morphemic= | |analysis_morphemic={{m|kali-|kali}}{{m|-t}}{{m|-e}} | ||
|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|k}}{{p|a}}{{p|l}}{{p|i}}{{p|t}}{{p|e}}/ | |analysis_phonemic=/{{p|k}}{{p|a}}{{p|l}}{{p|i}}{{p|t}}{{p|e}}/ | ||
|meaning='erected' (?) | |meaning='erected' (?) | ||
|checklevel= | |checklevel=1 | ||
|problem= | |problem=references | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
'' | See the inscription page on the uncertain reading. | ||
Weak ''t''-preterite in the 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular in {{m||-e}}; first identfied as a verb form by '''Whatmough {{bib|PID}}: 554'''. | |||
According to {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177 f. and {{bib|Eska 1990}}, the Continental Celtic ''t''-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in -''i̯''- (*-(''e'')''i̯e''/''o-t''), which were recharacterised as past by adding the perfect endings {{m||-e}} or {{m||-ū (3sg.)|-ū}} after the loss of final -''i'' in Celtic made them formally identical to the present forms. See also {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 92–96, {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 165, {{bib|Eska & Evans 2009}}: 37, {{bib|Eska 2009b}}: 112. The rationale underlying the distribution of {{m||-e}} and {{m||-ū (3sg.)|-ū}} is unclear; cf. {{w||karite}} for an identical formation. | |||
{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1969c}}: 188 f. suggests PIE *''kelh₂''- 'beat' → 'carve [the inscribed stone]' (also {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 141), {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 91 more likely PIE *''kelH''- 'stand out' → 'erect, raise': *''kl̥-i̯e-t'' > *''kalit'' + ''e'', cf. {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177, {{bib|Hamp 1991b}}: 36, {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 167 (comparing ''qolo''|''fítúr'' on the South Picene Castignano Cippus ({{bib|Rix 2002}} Sp.4)). | |||
See also {{bib|Rhŷs 1913}}: 86, '''{{bib|Motta 2000}}: 196''', '''{{bib|Morandi 2004}}'''. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | |||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 1 July 2023
| Attestation: | VA·6 (pelkui:pruiam:teu:karite:iṣ́os:kaṛite:palaṃ) (1) |
|---|---|
| Status: | uncertain |
| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | verb |
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| Grammatical Categories: | 3rd sg. past |
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| |
| Morphemic Analysis: | kali-t-e |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /kalite/ |
| Meaning: | 'erected' (?) |
Commentary
See the inscription page on the uncertain reading.
Weak t-preterite in the 3rd person singular in -e; first identfied as a verb form by Whatmough PID: 554.
According to Schmidt 1986b: 177 f. and Eska 1990, the Continental Celtic t-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in -i̯- (*-(e)i̯e/o-t), which were recharacterised as past by adding the perfect endings -e or -ū after the loss of final -i in Celtic made them formally identical to the present forms. See also Lejeune 1971: 92–96, Eska & Mercado 2005: 165, Eska & Evans 2009: 37, Eska 2009b: 112. The rationale underlying the distribution of -e and -ū is unclear; cf. karite for an identical formation.
Tibiletti Bruno 1969c: 188 f. suggests PIE *kelh₂- 'beat' → 'carve [the inscribed stone]' (also Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 141), Lejeune 1971: 91 more likely PIE *kelH- 'stand out' → 'erect, raise': *kl̥-i̯e-t > *kalit + e, cf. Schmidt 1986b: 177, Hamp 1991b: 36, Eska & Mercado 2005: 167 (comparing qolo|fítúr on the South Picene Castignano Cippus (Rix 2002 Sp.4)).
See also Rhŷs 1913: 86, Motta 2000: 196, Morandi 2004.
Bibliography
| Eska & Evans 2009 | Joseph F. Eska, David Ellis Evans, "Continental Celtic", in: Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller (eds), The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition, London – New York: Routledge 2009, 28–53. |
|---|---|
| Eska & Mercado 2005 | Joseph Francis Eska, Angelo O. Mercado, "Observations on verbal art in ancient Vergiate", Historische Sprachforschung 118 (2005), 160-184. |
| Eska 1990 | Joseph F. Eska, "The so-called weak or dental preterite in Continental Celtic, Watkins' law, and related matters", Historische Sprachforschung 103 (1990), 81–91. |
| Eska 2009b | Joseph Francis Eska, "Remarks on the 3. plural preterite in -us in Continental Celtic", Die Sprache 47,1 (2007–2008 [2009]), 108–119. |
