in-: Difference between revisions
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== Commentary == | == Commentary == | ||
Lexically in OIr. ''i'', OW ''in'', MW ''yn'', MBret. ''en'', Corn. ''yn'' 'in', Celtib. ''eni'', Gaul. ''in'' ({{bib|RIG}} L-13 | Lexically in OIr. ''i'', OW ''in'', MW ''yn'', MBret. ''en'', Corn. ''yn'' 'in', Celtib. ''eni'', Gaul. ''in'' ({{bib|RIG}} L-13 <span class="tr_lat">in alisiia</span>, L-79 <span class="tr_lat">in alixia</span>, L-98 <span class="tr_lat">insinde</span>, <span class="tr_lat">incors</span>, {{bib|Lambert & Pilon 2018}}, see {{bib|Matasović 2009}} s.v. *''eni'', {{bib|Dunkel 2014}}: 221–236) and the compounds ''essedon'' 'chariot', Galat. (Hes.) ''embrekton'' 'kind of drink', and sporadically in Gaulish personal names (e.g. ''inderca'' etc., {{bib|Stüber 2005}}: 78, {{w||inutu|indutio}} etc.). ''in''(-) can be from ''en''(-) as well as from the locatival derivation ''eni''(-), as attested in Celtiberian, with loss of final -''i''. ''en'' > ''in'' arose in sandhi with the following word starting with an obstruent (''en''T > ''in''T, {{bib|McCone 1996}}: '''X'''). | ||
Archaic/locatival ''eni'' is thought to appear prefixed in names like ''enigenus'', ''enibinus'', ''eniboudius'', hypocoristic ''enico'' (see {{bib|AcS}} I: 1438, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: '''X'''). The restricted distribution of these names only in the Alpes Maritimae and Pannonia sheds doubt on their status as strictly Celtic formations, though ''enigenus'' 'in-born, legitimate' corresponds exactly to Ogam {{bib|CIIC}} 362 | Archaic/locatival ''eni'' is thought to appear prefixed in names like ''enigenus'', ''enibinus'', ''eniboudius'', hypocoristic ''enico'' (see {{bib|AcS}} I: 1438, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: '''X'''). The restricted distribution of these names only in the Alpes Maritimae and Pannonia sheds doubt on their status as strictly Celtic formations, though ''enigenus'' 'in-born, legitimate' corresponds exactly to Ogam {{bib|CIIC}} 362 <span class="tr_og">inigena</span>, OIr. ''ingen'' 'daughter' < *''enigenā''. Schmidt {{bib|KGP}}: 206–208 concludes that ''eni''- is a genuine Gaulish archaic form which was preserved in contact areas with IE languages which also had the suffix and similar onomastic formations. See also {{bib|DLG}}: 163 s.v. ''eni''- > ''in'', {{bib|Meid 2005}}: 172 f., {{bib|Lochner von Hüttenbach 1989}}: 85 f. on ''ingenuus''. | ||
See also {{m||ande-}}. | See also {{m||ande-}}. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | <p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | ||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:48, 13 August 2023
| Type: | lexical |
|---|---|
| Meaning: | 'in'- |
| Language: | Celtic |
| Phonemic analysis: | /in/ |
| From PIE: | *h₁en(i) 'in' |
| From Proto-Celtic: | *en(i) 'in' |
| Attestation: | ina, inou, inutu |
Commentary
Lexically in OIr. i, OW in, MW yn, MBret. en, Corn. yn 'in', Celtib. eni, Gaul. in (RIG L-13 in alisiia, L-79 in alixia, L-98 insinde, incors, Lambert & Pilon 2018, see Matasović 2009 s.v. *eni, Dunkel 2014: 221–236) and the compounds essedon 'chariot', Galat. (Hes.) embrekton 'kind of drink', and sporadically in Gaulish personal names (e.g. inderca etc., Stüber 2005: 78, indutio etc.). in(-) can be from en(-) as well as from the locatival derivation eni(-), as attested in Celtiberian, with loss of final -i. en > in arose in sandhi with the following word starting with an obstruent (enT > inT, McCone 1996: X).
Archaic/locatival eni is thought to appear prefixed in names like enigenus, enibinus, eniboudius, hypocoristic enico (see AcS I: 1438, Delamarre 2007: X). The restricted distribution of these names only in the Alpes Maritimae and Pannonia sheds doubt on their status as strictly Celtic formations, though enigenus 'in-born, legitimate' corresponds exactly to Ogam CIIC 362 inigena, OIr. ingen 'daughter' < *enigenā. Schmidt KGP: 206–208 concludes that eni- is a genuine Gaulish archaic form which was preserved in contact areas with IE languages which also had the suffix and similar onomastic formations. See also DLG: 163 s.v. eni- > in, Meid 2005: 172 f., Lochner von Hüttenbach 1989: 85 f. on ingenuus.
See also ande-.
Bibliography
| AcS | Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907. |
|---|---|
| CIIC | R[obert] A[lexander] S[tewart] Macalister, Corpus inscriptionum insularum Celticarum, Dublin: Stationery Office 1945–1949. |
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
| Dunkel 2014 | George E. Dunkel, Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme, Heidelberg: Winter 2014. |
