kalite
| Attestation: | VA·6 (pelkui:pruiam:teu:karite:iṣ́os:kaṛite:palaṃ) (1) |
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| Status: | uncertain |
| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | verb |
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| Grammatical Categories: | 3rd sg. past |
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| Morphemic Analysis: | kali-t-e |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /kalite/ |
| Meaning: | 'erected' (?) |
Commentary
See the inscription page on the uncertain reading.
Weak t-preterite in the 3rd person singular in -e; first identfied as a verb form by Whatmough PID: 554.
According to Schmidt 1986b: 177 f. and Eska 1990, the Continental Celtic t-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in -i̯- (*-(e)i̯e/o-t), which were recharacterised as past by adding the perfect endings -e or -ū after the loss of final -i in Celtic made them formally identical to the present forms. See also Lejeune 1971: 92–96, Eska & Mercado 2005: 165, Eska & Evans 2009: 37, Eska 2009b: 112. The rationale underlying the distribution of -e and -ū is unclear; cf. karite for an identical formation.
Tibiletti Bruno 1969c: 188 f. suggests PIE *kelh₂- 'beat' → 'carve [the inscribed stone]' (also Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 141), Lejeune 1971: 91 more likely PIE *kelH- 'stand out' → 'erect, raise': *kl̥-i̯e-t > *kalit + e, cf. Schmidt 1986b: 177, Hamp 1991b: 36, Eska & Mercado 2005: 167 (comparing qolo|fítúr on the South Picene Castignano Cippus (Rix 2002 Sp.4)).
See also Rhŷs 1913: 86, Motta 2000: 196, Morandi 2004.
Bibliography
| Eska & Evans 2009 | Joseph F. Eska, David Ellis Evans, "Continental Celtic", in: Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller (eds), The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition, London – New York: Routledge 2009, 28–53. |
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| Eska & Mercado 2005 | Joseph Francis Eska, Angelo O. Mercado, "Observations on verbal art in ancient Vergiate", Historische Sprachforschung 118 (2005), 160-184. |
| Eska 1990 | Joseph F. Eska, "The so-called weak or dental preterite in Continental Celtic, Watkins' law, and related matters", Historische Sprachforschung 103 (1990), 81–91. |
| Eska 2009b | Joseph Francis Eska, "Remarks on the 3. plural preterite in -us in Continental Celtic", Die Sprache 47,1 (2007–2008 [2009]), 108–119. |
