pirakos: Difference between revisions
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==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
Names in ''birak''- are very well attested in Continental Celtic ({{bib|Conway et al. 1933}}: 36, {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 127 with n. 436, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 161, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1981}}: 199 C): M-70 ''biracos'', ''biraco'' ({{bib|Lochner von Hüttenbach 1989}}: 31), ''birac''(''i'')''os'', ''biracius''/-''ia'', ''biracatus'', ''biracillus'', ''biracideginus'', G-257 ''βιρακοτουτι''[, ''biragillus'' (often multiple attestations, see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 42, 213). Cf. also Ogam {{bib|CIIC}} 89 ''biraco''. The connection of the ''birak''-names with the base {{m||bir(r)-|birr-}} 'short' ({{bib|AcS}} I: 423, {{bib|DLG}}: 76; also {{bib|De Bernardo Stempel 2000}}: 92, who analyses the toponym ''βιρακελλον'' in Ptolemy III,1 as *''bir''(''r'')-''āk-ellom'' 'the place of the short-cape-wearing people') is uncertain because of single vs. geminate /r/ – while /rr/ is theoretically possible for ''pirakos'', since the North Italic alphabets do not mark geminates, the exact correspondence with Transalpine ''biracos'' indicates that it also has /r/. Furthermore, the suffix {{m||-āk-}} usually forms derivations from substantives. Whatever the base, ''pirakos'' is best interpreted as a hypocoristic (see {{bib|GPN}}: 311–314, {{bib|Russell 1988}}: 135 f. with literature for discussion). | Names in ''birak''- are very well attested in Continental Celtic ({{bib|Conway et al. 1933}}: 36, {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 127 with n. 436, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 161, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1981}}: 199 C): M-70 ''biracos'', ''biraco'' ({{bib|Lochner von Hüttenbach 1989}}: 31), ''birac''(''i'')''os'', ''biracius''/-''ia'', ''biracatus'', ''biracillus'', ''biracideginus'', G-257 ''βιρακοτουτι''[, ''biragillus'' (often multiple attestations, see {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 42, 213). Cf. also Ogam {{bib|CIIC}} 89 ''biraco''. The connection of the ''birak''-names with the base {{m||bir(r)-|birr-}} 'short' ({{bib|AcS}} I: 423, {{bib|DLG}}: 76; also {{bib|De Bernardo Stempel 2000}}: 92, who analyses the toponym ''βιρακελλον'' in Ptolemy III,1 as *''bir''(''r'')-''āk-ellom'' 'the place of the short-cape-wearing people') is uncertain because of single vs. geminate /r/ – while /rr/ is theoretically possible for ''pirakos'', since the North Italic alphabets do not mark geminates, the exact correspondence with Transalpine ''biracos'' indicates that it also has /r/. Furthermore, the suffix {{m||-āk-}} usually forms derivations from substantives. Whatever the base, ''pirakos'' is best interpreted as a hypocoristic (see {{bib|GPN}}: 311–314, {{bib|Russell 1988}}: 135 f. with literature for discussion). | ||
Also attested in the genitive {{w||piraki}}. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | <p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | ||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Revision as of 21:24, 1 March 2023
| Attestation: | NM·4 (pirakos) (1) |
|---|---|
| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
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| |
| Grammatical Categories: | nom. sg. masc. |
| Stem Class: | o |
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| |
| Morphemic Analysis: | bir(r)-āk-os |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /birākos/ |
| Meaning: | 'Pirakos' |
Commentary
Names in birak- are very well attested in Continental Celtic (Conway et al. 1933: 36, Lejeune 1971: 127 with n. 436, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 161, Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 199 C): M-70 biracos, biraco (Lochner von Hüttenbach 1989: 31), birac(i)os, biracius/-ia, biracatus, biracillus, biracideginus, G-257 βιρακοτουτι[, biragillus (often multiple attestations, see Delamarre 2007: 42, 213). Cf. also Ogam CIIC 89 biraco. The connection of the birak-names with the base birr- 'short' (AcS I: 423, DLG: 76; also De Bernardo Stempel 2000: 92, who analyses the toponym βιρακελλον in Ptolemy III,1 as *bir(r)-āk-ellom 'the place of the short-cape-wearing people') is uncertain because of single vs. geminate /r/ – while /rr/ is theoretically possible for pirakos, since the North Italic alphabets do not mark geminates, the exact correspondence with Transalpine biracos indicates that it also has /r/. Furthermore, the suffix -āk- usually forms derivations from substantives. Whatever the base, pirakos is best interpreted as a hypocoristic (see GPN: 311–314, Russell 1988: 135 f. with literature for discussion).
Also attested in the genitive piraki.
David Stifter, Corinna Salomon
Bibliography
| AcS | Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907. |
|---|---|
| CIIC | R[obert] A[lexander] S[tewart] Macalister, Corpus inscriptionum insularum Celticarum, Dublin: Stationery Office 1945–1949. |
| Conway et al. 1933 | Robert Seymour Conway, Joshua Whatmough, Sarah Elizabeth Johnson, The Prae-Italic Dialects of Italy. Vol. III: Indexes, London: Oxford University Press 1933. |
| De Bernardo Stempel 2000 | Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel, "Ptolemy's Celtic Italy and Ireland: a Linguistic Analysis", in: David N. Parsons, Patrick Sims-Williams (eds), Ptolemy. Towards a linguistic atlas of the earliest Celtic place-names of Europe. Papers from a workshop, sponsored by the British Academy, in the Department of Welsh, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 11–12 April 1999, Aberystwyth: CMCS 2000, 83–112. |
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
