rikanas: Difference between revisions
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|gender=fem. | |gender=fem. | ||
|language=Celtic | |language=Celtic | ||
|analysis_morphemic={{m|rīg-|rīg}}an{{m|-ās}} | |analysis_morphemic={{m|rīg-|rīg}}-an{{m|-ās}} | ||
|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|r}}{{p|ī}}{{p|g}}{{p|a}}{{p|n}}{{p|ā}}{{p|s}}/ | |analysis_phonemic=/{{p|r}}{{p|ī}}{{p|g}}{{p|a}}{{p|n}}{{p|ā}}{{p|s}}/ | ||
|meaning='of Rīganā' | |meaning='of Rīganā' | ||
|field_semantic=personal name | |field_semantic=personal name | ||
|checklevel= | |checklevel=1 | ||
|problem= | |problem=Literatur | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
''ā''-stem personal name in the genitive. | |||
The form ''rikana'' = ''rīganā'' is evidently to be connected with the Celtic word for 'queen', OIr. ''rígain'' 'queen', MW ''riein'' 'maid' < PIE *(''H'')''rēĝ''-''n-ih₂'' ({{bib|Matasović 2009}}: 311, {{bib|DLG}}: 258). The feminine form of {{m||rīg-}} 'king' is an ''ī''-stem etymologically (stem ''rīgan''- generalised from the oblique cases, e.g. gen. *''rēĝn̥i̯eh₂s'') and generally in Insular Celtic, though late OIr. develops a secondary ''ā''-stem variant ''rígan''; the expected form for Gaulish is thus *''rīganī'', gen. *''rīgani̯ās''. The ''ā''-stem ''rīganās'' is argued to be lexical 'of the queen' by {{bib|Gambari 1989}} (also {{bib|Gambari 1999|1999}}: 388 f., no. 5, see the inscription page). Whether an ''ā''-stem variant already existed in Gaulish hinges on the interpretation of {{bib|RIG}} L-67 {{tr|lat|rigani rosmertiac}} (Lezoux) – the phrase, preceded by the dedicatory verb ''ieuri'', should be expected to be in the dative, in which case ''rigani'' may be the dative of ''rīganā'' (as in {{bib|RIIG}} [https://riig.huma-num.fr/documents/VAU-13-01 VAU-13-01] [{{bib|RIG}} G-153] {{tr|gr|βηλησαμι}} from ''belesamā''). Problems regarding the analysis of the ending/suffixation of ''rigani'' itself (''ī''-stem dative *''rīgani̯āi̯'' > ''rīgani̯ī''?) and of the theonym ''rosmerta'', as well as of the verb ''ieuri'' and the structure of the text overall, however, render the evidence of the Lezoux inscription uncertain (see {{bib|Lejeune & Marichal 1976}}: 152–156, Lambert in {{bib|RIG}} II.2: 179–183). Though ''rīganā'' is not attested as a personal name in Continental Celtic, a personal name is typologically much more likely; cf. {{bib|Motta 1992}}: 317 ("transposition en nom propre (tout comme pour l'italien ''Regina'') du mot gaulois ''rīganī''"), {{bib|Morandi 1999}}: 184 f. (who compares {{bib|CIL}} V 4594 {{tr|lat|rigiae}} at Brescia), {{bib|Morandi 2004}}: 578. | |||
See also '''{{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 210''', '''{{bib|De Bernardo Stempel 1999}}: 448'''. | |||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | |||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:48, 9 April 2025
| Attestation: | NO·8 (rikanas) (1) |
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| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
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| Grammatical Categories: | gen. sg. fem. |
| Stem Class: | ā |
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| Morphemic Analysis: | rīg-an-ās |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /rīganās/ |
| Meaning: | 'of Rīganā' |
Commentary
ā-stem personal name in the genitive.
The form rikana = rīganā is evidently to be connected with the Celtic word for 'queen', OIr. rígain 'queen', MW riein 'maid' < PIE *(H)rēĝ-n-ih₂ (Matasović 2009: 311, DLG: 258). The feminine form of rīg- 'king' is an ī-stem etymologically (stem rīgan- generalised from the oblique cases, e.g. gen. *rēĝn̥i̯eh₂s) and generally in Insular Celtic, though late OIr. develops a secondary ā-stem variant rígan; the expected form for Gaulish is thus *rīganī, gen. *rīgani̯ās. The ā-stem rīganās is argued to be lexical 'of the queen' by Gambari 1989 (also 1999: 388 f., no. 5, see the inscription page). Whether an ā-stem variant already existed in Gaulish hinges on the interpretation of RIG L-67 rigani rosmertiac (Lezoux) – the phrase, preceded by the dedicatory verb ieuri, should be expected to be in the dative, in which case rigani may be the dative of rīganā (as in RIIG VAU-13-01 [RIG G-153] βηλησαμι from belesamā). Problems regarding the analysis of the ending/suffixation of rigani itself (ī-stem dative *rīgani̯āi̯ > rīgani̯ī?) and of the theonym rosmerta, as well as of the verb ieuri and the structure of the text overall, however, render the evidence of the Lezoux inscription uncertain (see Lejeune & Marichal 1976: 152–156, Lambert in RIG II.2: 179–183). Though rīganā is not attested as a personal name in Continental Celtic, a personal name is typologically much more likely; cf. Motta 1992: 317 ("transposition en nom propre (tout comme pour l'italien Regina) du mot gaulois rīganī"), Morandi 1999: 184 f. (who compares CIL V 4594 rigiae at Brescia), Morandi 2004: 578.
See also Villar & Prósper 2005: 210, De Bernardo Stempel 1999: 448.
David Stifter, Corinna Salomon
Bibliography
| CIL | Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (17 volumes, various supplements) |
|---|---|
| De Bernardo Stempel 1999 | Patrizia De Bernardo Stempel, Nominale Wortbildung des älteren Irischen. Stammbildung und Derivation [= Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 15], Tübingen: Niemeyer 1999. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
