TI·34.1: Difference between revisions

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{{inscription
{{inscription
|reading=aui : pala :
|reading=aui : pala :
|reading_lepontic={{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|A|A13}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A13}}{{c|P}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|U|U10}}{{c|A|A13}}
|reading_lepontic={{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|A|A13}}{{c|L}}{{c|A|A13}}{{c|P}}{{c|separator|separator3}}{{c|I}}{{c|U|U10}}{{c|A|A12}}
|reading_variant={{w|?aui}} {{w|pala}} (Morandi), {{w|aui}} : {{w|pala}} : (Motta), {{w|aai|aại}} : {{w|pala}} (Solinas, Giussani), {{w|ai}} : {{w|pala}} (Lejeune)
|direction=sinistroverse
|direction=sinistroverse
|letter_height_min=0
|letter_height_min=13.5 cm
|letter_height_max=17 cm
|letter_number_min=7
|letter_number_min=7
|letter_number_max=8
|word_number=2
|word_number=2
|line_number=1
|line_number=1
|script=North Italic Script
|corpus=Cisalpine Celtic
|script=North Italic script
|alphabet=Lepontic alphabet
|object=TI·34 Capriasca
|object=TI·34 Capriasca
|position=front
|position=back
|orientation=270
|orientation=270
|frame_left=round
|frame_left=round
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_middle=top and bottom
|frame_right=unknown
|frame_right=feet
|workmanship=carved
|workmanship=carved
|condition=damaged, fragmentary
|condition=complete, damaged
|culture_archaeological=La Tène B, La Tène C
|sortdate=-325
|date=4<sup>th</sup>–mid-2<sup>nd</sup> c. BC (?)
|date_derivation‎=typology
|type_inscription=funerary
|type_inscription=funerary
|language=Lepontic
|language=Celtic
|analysis_syntactic=NP<sub>OBindir</sub> NP<sub>SUB</sub>
|meaning='<i>pala</i> for Auos'
|meaning="Grave(stone) for Auos"
|culture_archaeological=Golasecca III A
|sortdate=-400
|date=5<sup>th</sup> / 4<sup>th</sup> century BC
|date_derivation‎=palaeography
|whatmough=268 a
|whatmough=268 a
|solinas=27 Aa
|solinas=27 Aa
|motta=5 A1
|motta=5 A1
|morandi=32 Aa
|morandi=32 Aa
|source_detail=Morandi 2004: 538 & 536 (fig. 9.32A), Motta 2000: 200, Solinas 1994: 331, Lejeune 1971: 81
|source_detail=Morandi 2004: 538 no. 32 Aa
|checklevel=1
|checklevel=0
|problem=Vollständigkeit, Lesung, Rahmen rechts (Füße?)
|disambiguation=TI·34
|disambiguation=TI·34
}}
}}
==Commentary==
==Commentary==
The inscription is located inside of a schematic human figurine, the left side is certainly complete (cf. {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1997}}: 1005-1006). After the punctuation marks, where the head of the figurine starts, the inscription ends. Since this inscription is younger than the other one on the same side of the gravestone and therefore can not be a part of it, the punctuation marks after {{w||pala}} are probably to be understood as a mark of the end of the sentence. ({{bib|Motta 2000}}: 200)
First published in {{bib|Giussani 1902}}: 25–31. Currently untraceable.


*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1975}}: 50
Images in {{bib|Giussani 1902}}: 26, fig. 1 (drawing), {{bib|Rhŷs 1914}}: tav. Ia (photo), {{bib|Crivelli 1943}}: 33, fig. 52 (photo = {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1997}}: fig. 4), {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1990b}}: 81 (drawing), {{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1991}}: 208, fig. 4 (drawing), {{bib|Morandi 2004}}: 536, fig. 9.32A.
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: pp. 137-138
 
*{{bib|Whatmough 1933}} (PID): 268 a-b
Inscribed inside an anthropomorphic frame with simple round head and stylised feet, which shares one line with the frame of [[TI·34.2]]. The letters are well legible. Upsilon is inverted, but epigraphically and linguistically more plausible than alpha without a bar, as read in the older literature and by {{bib|Solinas 1995}}. An additional letter, possibly kappa, before initial alpha was only seen by {{bib|Morandi 2004}}. The end of the inscription is marked by an additional separator.
*{{bib|Crivelli 1943}}: p. 33, figg. 51-52 (photographies)
 
*{{bib|Rhŷs 1913}}: p. 36, n.3
{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1970}}: 374 f. (also {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978|1978}}: 137 f., {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1990b|1990b}}: 89 f., {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1997|1997}}: 1005 f.) argues convincingly that this inscription and [[TI·34.2]] are younger than [[TI·34.3]] on the opposite side, since they and their frames are complete and appear to have been applied when the stone was already fragmentary (also {{bib|Piana Agostinetti 2004}}: 157; the opposite position in {{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1991}}: 218, {{bib|Motta 2000}}: 200, no. 5 and {{bib|Morandi 2004}}). The frame of the present inscription gives the impression of a rough imitation of the more elaborate anthropomorphic frames associated with type C of {{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1991}}; 206, of which Tibiletti Bruno expects [[TI·34.3]] to have been a representative – unless the rounded head is a more archaic feature related to type B? Since the two inscriptions were not applied by the same engraver, TI·34.1 is also likely somewhat older than [[TI·34.2]], which is applied in an even simpler frame below it/to its left.
*{{bib|Rhŷs 1914}}: p. 319, Tav. I
 
*{{bib|De Marinis & Motta 1990-1}}: pp. 204, 206, 208 and 218 (''G IIIA'')
The inscription names the deceased only by his individual name (see {{w||aui}}), cf. the other inscriptions on this stone and possibly some of the inscriptions from [[Aranno]].
*{{bib|Solinas 1994}}: p. 331, n.27
 
*{{bib|Motta 2000}}: p. 200, n.5 (reading: ''aui'')
See also {{bib|Motta & Ricci 1908}}: 28 f., {{bib|Rhŷs 1913}}: 14, no. 1, {{bib|Jacobsohn 1927}}: 31, no. 197b, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1975}}: 53.
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p>
{{bibliography}}
{{bibliography}}

Latest revision as of 15:13, 29 July 2024

edit with form
Inscription
Reading in transliteration: aui : pala :
Reading in original script: separator3 sA13 sL sA13 sP sseparator3 sI sU10 sA12 s
Object: TI·34 Capriasca (stela)
(Inscriptions: TI·34.1, TI·34.2, TI·34.3)
Position: back
Orientation: 270°
Frame: roundtop and bottomtop and bottomfeet  (left: round, middle: top and bottom, right: feet)
Direction of writing: sinistroverse
Script: North Italic script (Lepontic alphabet)
Letter height: 13.5–17 cm5.315 in <br />6.693 in <br />
Number of letters: 7
Number of words: 2
Number of lines: 1
Workmanship: carved
Condition: complete, damaged
Archaeological culture: La Tène B, La Tène C
Date of inscription: 4th–mid-2nd c. BC (?)
Type: funerary
Language: Celtic
Meaning: 'pala for Auos'
Alternative sigla: Whatmough 1933 (PID): 268 a
Solinas 1995: 27 Aa
Motta 2000: 5 A1
Morandi 2004: 32 Aa
Sources: Morandi 2004: 538 no. 32 Aa

Images

TI·34.3, TI·34.1, TI·34.2
Inscriptions TI·34.3 (above), TI·34.1 (centre) and TI·34.2 (below) from Giussani
TI·34.2, TI·34.1
Inscriptions TI·34.1 (above) and TI·34.2 (below) from Morandi

Commentary

First published in Giussani 1902: 25–31. Currently untraceable.

Images in Giussani 1902: 26, fig. 1 (drawing), Rhŷs 1914: tav. Ia (photo), Crivelli 1943: 33, fig. 52 (photo = Tibiletti Bruno 1997: fig. 4), Tibiletti Bruno 1990b: 81 (drawing), De Marinis & Motta 1991: 208, fig. 4 (drawing), Morandi 2004: 536, fig. 9.32A.

Inscribed inside an anthropomorphic frame with simple round head and stylised feet, which shares one line with the frame of TI·34.2. The letters are well legible. Upsilon is inverted, but epigraphically and linguistically more plausible than alpha without a bar, as read in the older literature and by Solinas 1995. An additional letter, possibly kappa, before initial alpha was only seen by Morandi 2004. The end of the inscription is marked by an additional separator.

Tibiletti Bruno 1970: 374 f. (also 1978: 137 f., 1990b: 89 f., 1997: 1005 f.) argues convincingly that this inscription and TI·34.2 are younger than TI·34.3 on the opposite side, since they and their frames are complete and appear to have been applied when the stone was already fragmentary (also Piana Agostinetti 2004: 157; the opposite position in De Marinis & Motta 1991: 218, Motta 2000: 200, no. 5 and Morandi 2004). The frame of the present inscription gives the impression of a rough imitation of the more elaborate anthropomorphic frames associated with type C of De Marinis & Motta 1991; 206, of which Tibiletti Bruno expects TI·34.3 to have been a representative – unless the rounded head is a more archaic feature related to type B? Since the two inscriptions were not applied by the same engraver, TI·34.1 is also likely somewhat older than TI·34.2, which is applied in an even simpler frame below it/to its left.

The inscription names the deceased only by his individual name (see aui), cf. the other inscriptions on this stone and possibly some of the inscriptions from Aranno.

See also Motta & Ricci 1908: 28 f., Rhŷs 1913: 14, no. 1, Jacobsohn 1927: 31, no. 197b, Tibiletti Bruno 1975: 53.

Corinna Salomon

Bibliography

Crivelli 1943 Aldo Crivelli, Atlante preistorico e storico della Svizzera Italiana. Vol. 1: Dalle origini alla civiltà romana, Bellinzona: Istituto Editoriale Ticinese 1943.
De Marinis & Motta 1991 Raffaele C. De Marinis, Filippo Motta, "Una nuova iscrizione lepontica su pietra da Mezzovico (Lugano)", Sibrium 21 (1990–1991), 201–225.
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