poininos: Difference between revisions
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|problem=Literatur (Motta), morpheme pages | |problem=poinunei mit lateinischer Lautform?? Literatur (Motta), morpheme pages | ||
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== Commentary == | == Commentary == | ||
The theonym is attested at least three times at [[Carona]] ( | The theonym is attested at least three times at [[Carona]] ({{w||poinunei}} [different stem?], {{w||penini}}), and also known from numerous Latin inscriptions at the pass sanctuary on the Great St. Bernard, where (Iuppiter) Poeninos was worshipped in Roman times (see {{bib|Wiblé 2008}}). | ||
The name of the Great St. Bernard, ''summus poeninus'' | The name of the Great St. Bernard, ''summus poeninus''/''alpis poenina'', was connected in antiquity and later (see {{bib|Wiblé 2008b}}: 25) with the ''poenī'' (Carthaginians) and Hannibal's passage through the Alps. This folk etymology is repudiated by Livy (XXI 38.6–9), who points out that Hannibal crossed at a different pass, and reports that the mountains are named after the deity whose sanctuary is situated on the pass summit. On the assumption that the Roman Iuppiter Poeninus is the result of interpretatio romana of a Celtic deity, {{bib|Zeuss 1837}}: 5, n. * suggested an etymology from *''k<sup>u̯</sup>enno''- 'head, top, summit', which has been widely accepted and is supported by the name of the Apennines, derived from the same root (see {{bib|Sims-Williams 2006}}: 98) and now also {{w||penini}} (and arguably abbreviated {{w||pe}}); see {{bib|Eska & Eska 2022}}: 163–165 (also, with counter-arguments, on an alternative etymology). The Latin spelling ⟨oe⟩ would then be the result of the secondary association with the name of the Poenī (cf. {{bib|Motta 2010}}: 401 f., {{bib|Eska & Eska 2022}}: 163 f.). This would mean that the spellings with ⟨oi⟩ at the Great St. Bernard sanctuary ({{bib|Walser 1984}}: no. 25) as well as at Carona are re-Celticised variants of the Latin name form ({{bib|Eska & Eska 2022}}: 164, n. 14), indicating a low dating for the respective inscriptions. | ||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Revision as of 20:26, 4 July 2023
| Attestation: | BG·41.5 (ześu:poininos:kopenatis:tonoiso) (1) |
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| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
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| Grammatical Categories: | nom. sg. masc. |
| Stem Class: | o |
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| Morphemic Analysis: | poinin-os |
| Phonemic Analysis: | poininos |
| Meaning: | 'Poininos' |
Commentary
The theonym is attested at least three times at Carona (poinunei [different stem?], penini), and also known from numerous Latin inscriptions at the pass sanctuary on the Great St. Bernard, where (Iuppiter) Poeninos was worshipped in Roman times (see Wiblé 2008).
The name of the Great St. Bernard, summus poeninus/alpis poenina, was connected in antiquity and later (see Wiblé 2008b: 25) with the poenī (Carthaginians) and Hannibal's passage through the Alps. This folk etymology is repudiated by Livy (XXI 38.6–9), who points out that Hannibal crossed at a different pass, and reports that the mountains are named after the deity whose sanctuary is situated on the pass summit. On the assumption that the Roman Iuppiter Poeninus is the result of interpretatio romana of a Celtic deity, Zeuss 1837: 5, n. * suggested an etymology from *ku̯enno- 'head, top, summit', which has been widely accepted and is supported by the name of the Apennines, derived from the same root (see Sims-Williams 2006: 98) and now also penini (and arguably abbreviated pe); see Eska & Eska 2022: 163–165 (also, with counter-arguments, on an alternative etymology). The Latin spelling ⟨oe⟩ would then be the result of the secondary association with the name of the Poenī (cf. Motta 2010: 401 f., Eska & Eska 2022: 163 f.). This would mean that the spellings with ⟨oi⟩ at the Great St. Bernard sanctuary (Walser 1984: no. 25) as well as at Carona are re-Celticised variants of the Latin name form (Eska & Eska 2022: 164, n. 14), indicating a low dating for the respective inscriptions.
Bibliography
| Eska & Eska 2022 | Joseph F. Eska, Charlene M. Eska, "Epigraphic and linguistic observations on the inscription at the so-called Mur d'Hannibal (Liddes, Valais)", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 69/1 (2022), 159–182. |
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