toutiopouos: Difference between revisions
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|analysis_morphemic={{m|tou̯t-}}{{m|-i̯-|i̯-}}{{m|-o-|o-}}{{m|bou̯-}}{{m|-os|os}} | |analysis_morphemic={{m|tou̯t-}}{{m|-(i)i̯-|(i)i̯-}}{{m|-o-|o-}}{{m|bou̯-}}{{m|-os|os}} | ||
|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|t}}{{p|ou̯}}{{p|t}}{{p|i̯}}{{p|o}}{{p|b}}{{p|ou̯}}{{p|o}}{{p|s}}/ | |analysis_phonemic=/{{p|t}}{{p|ou̯}}{{p|t}}({{p|i}}){{p|i̯}}{{p|o}}{{p|b}}{{p|ou̯}}{{p|o}}{{p|s}}/ | ||
|meaning='Toutiobouos' | |meaning='Toutiobouos' | ||
|field_semantic=personal name | |field_semantic=personal name | ||
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==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
The compound personal name ''toutiopouos'' features a common first element '' | The compound personal name ''toutiopouos'' features a common first element ''tou̯t''(''i'')''i̯o''-, probably ''tou̯t''(''i'')''i̯os'' 'citizen', derived from {{w||toutas|tou̯ta}} 'people, tribe' ({{bib|DLG}}: 300; cf. ''toutiorix'', {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 184), but is not otherwise attested in Continental Celtic onomastics. The second element -''pouos'' has been analysed as -''bou̯os'' ({{bib|DLG}}: 79), a derivation in -''o'' ({{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 128) from the root noun *''bou̯s'' 'cow, cattle'. | ||
Assuming a combination of 'citizen' and 'cattle', Delamarre ({{bib|DLG}}: 79, 300) translates 'Boeuf-Citoyen', which may make sense with regard to the importance of cattle as a "traditional yard-stick of social status and concomitant legal entitlements in early Ireland" – "the basic propertied commoner, the ''bó-aire'' or 'cow-freeman', possessed a dozen to a score of cattle as well as other stock and was so called 'because his free status and honour price derive from cattle'" ({{bib|McCone 1991}}: 40). A further association of cattle with the status of citizen is indicated by McCone's analysis (p. 41) of OIr. ''bue'' 'man of property/legal capacity, citizen' as *''bou̯-i̯o-s'' 'of/with cattle': '' | Assuming a combination of 'citizen' and 'cattle', Delamarre ({{bib|DLG}}: 79, 300) translates 'Boeuf-Citoyen', which may make sense with regard to the importance of cattle as a "traditional yard-stick of social status and concomitant legal entitlements in early Ireland" – "the basic propertied commoner, the ''bó-aire'' or 'cow-freeman', possessed a dozen to a score of cattle as well as other stock and was so called 'because his free status and honour price derive from cattle'" ({{bib|McCone 1991}}: 40). A further association of cattle with the status of citizen is indicated by McCone's analysis (p. 41) of OIr. ''bue'' 'man of property/legal capacity, citizen' as *''bou̯-''(''i'')''i̯o-s'' 'of/with cattle': ''tou̯t''(''i'')''i̯obou̯os'' 'having cattle as fitting for a citizen' or 'with cattle indicating citizen status'. The semantic motivation is the same as in ''bo-marus'' 'great in cows' and ''bo-ualos'' 'powerful in cows'. Doubt is shed upon this interpretation by the unclear morphology of -''bou̯os'', which lacks comparanda, because {{m||bou̯-}} appears only as first element in compound PNN (see the morpheme page). The meaning of an ''o''-suffix in ''tou̯t''(''i'')''i̯obou̯os'' is unclear; the alternative – a genitive in -''os'' of a name formed with the root noun itself ('citizen's cow'?) – is semantically unconvincing, since the prestige lies in having cows, not in being one. (The single attestation is on a coin, where we would not expect a genitive in any case; cf. only {{w||alkouesi}}.) The identification of the second element as the 'cattle'-word must be considered uncertain. In light of the unclear semantics, it cannot be excluded that the first element ''tou̯t''(''i'')''i̯o''- is not 'citizen', but the homophone 'left, bad, magic' (see {{m||tou̯t-}}). | ||
See also {{bib|GPN}}: 268, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 162. | See also {{bib|GPN}}: 268, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 162. | ||
Latest revision as of 14:27, 8 September 2024
| Attestation: | NM·7 (toutiopouos) (1) |
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| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
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| |
| Grammatical Categories: | nom. sg. masc. |
| Stem Class: | o |
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| |
| Morphemic Analysis: | tou̯t-(i)i̯-o-bou̯-os |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /tou̯t(i)i̯obou̯os/ |
| Meaning: | 'Toutiobouos' |
Commentary
The compound personal name toutiopouos features a common first element tou̯t(i)i̯o-, probably tou̯t(i)i̯os 'citizen', derived from tou̯ta 'people, tribe' (DLG: 300; cf. toutiorix, Delamarre 2007: 184), but is not otherwise attested in Continental Celtic onomastics. The second element -pouos has been analysed as -bou̯os (DLG: 79), a derivation in -o (Lejeune 1971: 128) from the root noun *bou̯s 'cow, cattle'.
Assuming a combination of 'citizen' and 'cattle', Delamarre (DLG: 79, 300) translates 'Boeuf-Citoyen', which may make sense with regard to the importance of cattle as a "traditional yard-stick of social status and concomitant legal entitlements in early Ireland" – "the basic propertied commoner, the bó-aire or 'cow-freeman', possessed a dozen to a score of cattle as well as other stock and was so called 'because his free status and honour price derive from cattle'" (McCone 1991: 40). A further association of cattle with the status of citizen is indicated by McCone's analysis (p. 41) of OIr. bue 'man of property/legal capacity, citizen' as *bou̯-(i)i̯o-s 'of/with cattle': tou̯t(i)i̯obou̯os 'having cattle as fitting for a citizen' or 'with cattle indicating citizen status'. The semantic motivation is the same as in bo-marus 'great in cows' and bo-ualos 'powerful in cows'. Doubt is shed upon this interpretation by the unclear morphology of -bou̯os, which lacks comparanda, because bou̯- appears only as first element in compound PNN (see the morpheme page). The meaning of an o-suffix in tou̯t(i)i̯obou̯os is unclear; the alternative – a genitive in -os of a name formed with the root noun itself ('citizen's cow'?) – is semantically unconvincing, since the prestige lies in having cows, not in being one. (The single attestation is on a coin, where we would not expect a genitive in any case; cf. only alkouesi.) The identification of the second element as the 'cattle'-word must be considered uncertain. In light of the unclear semantics, it cannot be excluded that the first element tou̯t(i)i̯o- is not 'citizen', but the homophone 'left, bad, magic' (see tou̯t-).
See also GPN: 268, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 162.
David Stifter, Corinna Salomon
Bibliography
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
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| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
