poenino

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Attestation:	VS·2 (poenino/ieureu) (1)
Language:	Celtic
adapted to:	Latin
Word Type:	proper noun
Grammatical Categories:	dat. sg. masc.
Stem Class:	o
Morphemic Analysis:	poenin-o
Phonemic Analysis:	/poenīnō/
Meaning:	'to/for Poeninos'

Commentary

The theonym poeninos is known from numerous Latin inscriptions at the pass sanctuary on the Great St. Bernard, where (Iuppiter) Poeninos was worshipped in Roman times, and also attested in various guises in the rock inscriptions at Carona: poininos, poinunei, penini. See poininos for a discussion of the name's etymology. Wiblé 2008: 94 notes that the oldest inscriptions refer to the autochthonous summit deity by his name poeninus in gently Latinised form, the designation iuppiter poeninus as per interpretatio romana only appearing by the late 1^st century AD. Eska & Eska 2022: 162 list the spellings of the diphthong in theonym at the sanctuary, with 26 instances of poenino beside one instance each of peonin[o], phoeni[no], poinino, puoenin|o, and py|nino.

Bibliography

Aberson et al. 2021	Michel Aberson, Romain Andenmatten, Stefania Casini, Angelo E. Fossati, Rudolf Wachter, "Entre Celtes et Romains : la dédicace à Poeninos du Mur (dit) d'Hannibal", in: María José Estarán Tolosa, Emmanuel Dupraz, Michel Aberson (eds), Des mots pour les dieux. Dédicaces cultuelles dans les langues indigènes de la méditerranée occidentale, Berne: Peter Lang 2021, 309–332.
Andenmatten & Paccolat 2012	Romain Andenmatten, Olivier Paccolat, "Le mur (dit) d'Hannibal: une site de haute montagne de la fin de l'âge de Fer. Avec les contributions d'Olivier Mermod, Angela Schlumbaum et Jacqueline Studer", Jahrbuch Archäologie Schweiz 95 (2012), 77-95.
Casini et al. 2013	Stefania Casini, Angelo E. Fossati, Filippo Motta, "L'iscrizione in alfabeto di Lugano al Mur d'Hannibal (Liddes, Valais)", Notizie Archeologiche Bergomensi 21 (2013), 157–165.
Eska & Eska 2022	Joseph F. Eska, Charlene M. Eska, "Epigraphic and linguistic observations on the inscription at the so-called Mur d'Hannibal (Liddes, Valais)", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 69/1 (2022), 159–182.