NM·15: Difference between revisions

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|description=obverse: right-facing head of Apollo, reverse: right-facing head of a horse and legend
|description=obverse: right-facing head of Apollo, reverse: right-facing head of a horse and legend
|material=silver
|material=silver
|size_diameter=1.5–1.6 cm
|weight=2.36–2.6 g
|workmanship=cast
|workmanship=cast
|culture_archaeological=unknown
|culture_archaeological=unknown
|sortdate=0
|sortdate=-160
|number_pieces=7
|date=late 3<sup>rd</sup>–2<sup>nd</sup> c. BC
|area=Rhône valley
|date_derivation‎=typology
|number_pieces=9
|area=lower Rhône valley
|site=unknown
|site=unknown
|reading=alkouesi!.a.lkouesi
|reading=alkouesi!·a·lkouesi
|reading_lepontic={{c|punctuation||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|punctuation||d}}{{c|L}}{{c|K||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|U||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|S}}{{c|I||d}}
|reading_lepontic={{c|punctuation||d}}{{c|A|A3|d}}{{c|punctuation||d}}{{c|L}}{{c|K|K4|d}}{{c|O|O8|d}}{{c|U||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|S|S6|d}}{{c|I||d}}
|reading_variant={{w|iailkouesi}}<br>{{c|I||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|I||d}}{{c|L}}{{c|K||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|U||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|S}}{{c|I||d}}
|reading_variant={{w|iailkouesi}}<br>{{c|I||d}}{{c||A3|d}}{{c|I||d}}{{c||L}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}{{c||S6}}{{c||I|d}}
|position=back
|position=back, bottom
|orientation=0
|orientation=0
|direction=dextroverse
|direction=dextroverse
Line 24: Line 28:
|language=Celtic
|language=Celtic
|linguistic_ascription=prob.
|linguistic_ascription=prob.
|meaning='of Alkovesos' (?)
|meaning='of Alkovesos'
|whatmough=331
|whatmough=331
|source_detail=Lejeune 1971: 130
|source_detail=Lejeune 1971: 130
|checklevel=4
|checklevel=4
|problem=nur Exemplarliste gemacht, Pautasso 1976, 2537 hat ordentliche Orthographie
|problem=maps in Geiser imply many more specimens, 2537 hat ordentliche Orthographie
}}
}}
== Commentary ==
== Commentary ==
Seven specimens of the coin type are known to us:<br>
Min. 53 specimens of the coin type are known (based on {{bib|Colbert de Beaulieu 1966}}: 446):<br>
1. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2537: 2.48 g, 14x15 mm; {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.32; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b112843905 Gallica catalogue]<br>
1. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2537: 2.48 g, 14x15 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b112843905 Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A3|d}}{{c||L|d}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}{{c||S6|d}}{{c||I|d}}<br>
2. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2538: 2.38 g, 14.5x16.5 mm; image in the https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284391m Gallica catalogue]<br>
2. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2538: 2.38 g, 14.5x16.5 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284391m Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}??{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}<br>
3. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2539: 2.6 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.29; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b112843922 Gallica catalogue]<br>
3. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2539: 2.6 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b112843922 Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}<br>
4. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2540: 2.36 g, 14x15 mm; {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.31; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284393h Gallica catalogue]<br>
4. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2540: 2.36 g, 14x15 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284393h Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}<br>
5. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2541: 1.85 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.28; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284394z Gallica catalogue]<br>
5. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2541: 1.85 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284394z Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L|d}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}[<br>
6. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2542: 2.55 g, 13x16 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284395d Gallica catalogue]<br>
6. [[Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris)]], inv. no. 2542: 2.55 g, 13x16 mm; image in the [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11284395d Gallica catalogue]: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}[<br>
7. {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.30; 2.7 g; Museo di Leone, cat. no. 339
7. {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: tav. X.30; 2.7 g; Museo di Leone, cat. no. 339: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A3|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L|d}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}<br>
8. {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: 490; Collezione Danicourt a Péronne: ''·a·lkouesi''<br>
9. {{bib|Geiser et al. 2012}}: 102, fig. 37; 16 mm; private collection: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A3|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||L}}{{c||K4|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}{{c||S6|d}}{{c||I|d}}
10. {{bib|Mommsen 1853}}: Taf. III.36A: {{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||A|d}}{{c||L|d}}{{c||punctuation|d}}{{c||K|d}}{{c||O8|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}{{c||S6}}{{c||I|d}}


*{{bib|Brenot 1998}}: 24-27
Further images in {{bib|Mommsen 1853}}: Taf. III.36B–D (drawings of unidentifiable legends – C/D = no. 4?), {{bib|Blanchet 1905}}: pl. II.13 (photo of no. 1), {{bib|Pautasso 1976}}: X.28 (photo of no. 5), X.29 (photo of no. 3), X.31 (photo of no. 4), tav. X.32 (photo of no. 1).


No. 1 has deviating (and less strange) orthography: {{c||punctuation|d}}<sup>?</sup>{{c||A|d}}{{c||L|d}}{{c||K|d}}{{c||O2|d}}{{c||U|d}}{{c||E|d}}{{c||S}}{{c||I|d}}. Cf. [[NM·16]] for a legend with dubious initial iota.
The coin type belongs with group C (type Ia) of coin legends written in the Lepontic alphabet, represented by legends on silver coins with distribution in the lower Rhône valley, associated the Allobroges and/or Cavares (see [[Numismatics]]). The dating follows {{bib|Pautasso 1976}} and {{bib|Geiser et al. 2012}}: 106. Obverse right-facing head of Apollo with laurel wreath, reverse right-facing horse's head and below the dextroverse legend.
 
The legend appears in different variants: full or abbreviated to ''.a.lkoue'', once without the second punct, once with second punct and lambda transposed, more often with retrograde that regular lambda. The vertical strokes before and after alpha – particularly the second one, for which more space tends to be available due to the shape of the coin – are mostly full-length, hence the frequent transliteration of the sequence as ''iailkouesi''. The interpretation of the verticals as puncts goes back to {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 130 based on the simple observation that the beginning of ''iailkouesi'' is inexplicable, while {{w||alkouesi}} can be straight-forwardly analysed as a dithematic personal name, both of whose elements are otherwise attested in both Transalpine and Cisalpine Celtic (see the word page). Cf. [[NM·16]].
 
See also {{bib|Mommsen 1853}}: 213 f., no. 36 (C/D = no. 4), {{bib|Blanchet 1905}}: 149, {{bib|Brenot 1998}}: 24–27.
{{bibliography}}
{{bibliography}}

Revision as of 21:31, 18 August 2023

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Coin

Coin type

Coin type: Lejeune C1
Description: obverse: right-facing head of Apollo, reverse: right-facing head of a horse and legend
Material (main component): silver
Average diameter: 1.5–1.6 cm"–1.6cm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.
Average thickness: unknown
Average weight: 2.36–2.6 g"–2.6g" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.
Workmanship: cast
Archaeological culture: unknown
Date: late 3rd–2nd c. BC
Date derived from: typology
Number of known pieces: 9
Area of circulation: lower Rhône valley
Mint / Main site: unknown
Coordinates (approx.): none

Coin legend

Idealised transliteration: ·a·lkouesi 
Idealised original script: punctuation dA3 dpunctuation dL sK4 dO8 dU dE dS6 dI d
Variant reading: iailkouesi
I dA3 dI dL sK4 dO8 dU dE dS6 sI d
Position: back, bottom
Orientation: 0°
Direction of writing: dextroverse
Script: North Italic script
Letter height: 00 cm <br />0 in <br />
Number of letters: 8 - 10
Number of words: 1
Number of lines: 1
Inscription type: minting authority
Language: Celtic
Meaning: 'of Alkovesos'
Alternative sigla: Whatmough 1933 (PID): 331
Sources: Lejeune 1971: 130

Images

NM·15 iailkouesi
Silver coin (BN 2540) of type NM·15 with iailkouesi legend
NM·15 iailkouesi
Silver coin (BN 2539) of type NM·15 with iailkouesi legend
NM·15 iailkouesi
Coin legends iailkouesi of coins NM·15 (as shown by Mommsen)

Commentary

Min. 53 specimens of the coin type are known (based on Colbert de Beaulieu 1966: 446):
1. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2537: 2.48 g, 14x15 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA3 dL dK4 dO8 dU dE dS6 dI d
2. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2538: 2.38 g, 14.5x16.5 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA d??K4 dO8 dU dE d
3. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2539: 2.6 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA dpunctuation dL sK4 dO8 dU dE d
4. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2540: 2.36 g, 14x15 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA dpunctuation dL sK4 dO8 dU dE d
5. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2541: 1.85 g, 14.5x15.5 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA dpunctuation dL dK4 dO8 d[
6. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2542: 2.55 g, 13x16 mm; image in the Gallica catalogue: punctuation dA dpunctuation dL sK4 dO8 dU d[
7. Pautasso 1976: tav. X.30; 2.7 g; Museo di Leone, cat. no. 339: punctuation dA3 dpunctuation dL dK4 dO8 dU dE d
8. Pautasso 1976: 490; Collezione Danicourt a Péronne: ·a·lkouesi
9. Geiser et al. 2012: 102, fig. 37; 16 mm; private collection: punctuation dA3 dpunctuation dL sK4 dO8 dU dE dS6 dI d 10. Mommsen 1853: Taf. III.36A: punctuation dA dL dpunctuation dK dO8 dU dE dS6 sI d

Further images in Mommsen 1853: Taf. III.36B–D (drawings of unidentifiable legends – C/D = no. 4?), Blanchet 1905: pl. II.13 (photo of no. 1), Pautasso 1976: X.28 (photo of no. 5), X.29 (photo of no. 3), X.31 (photo of no. 4), tav. X.32 (photo of no. 1).

The coin type belongs with group C (type Ia) of coin legends written in the Lepontic alphabet, represented by legends on silver coins with distribution in the lower Rhône valley, associated the Allobroges and/or Cavares (see Numismatics). The dating follows Pautasso 1976 and Geiser et al. 2012: 106. Obverse right-facing head of Apollo with laurel wreath, reverse right-facing horse's head and below the dextroverse legend.

The legend appears in different variants: full or abbreviated to .a.lkoue, once without the second punct, once with second punct and lambda transposed, more often with retrograde that regular lambda. The vertical strokes before and after alpha – particularly the second one, for which more space tends to be available due to the shape of the coin – are mostly full-length, hence the frequent transliteration of the sequence as iailkouesi. The interpretation of the verticals as puncts goes back to Lejeune 1971: 130 based on the simple observation that the beginning of iailkouesi is inexplicable, while alkouesi can be straight-forwardly analysed as a dithematic personal name, both of whose elements are otherwise attested in both Transalpine and Cisalpine Celtic (see the word page). Cf. NM·16.

See also Mommsen 1853: 213 f., no. 36 (C/D = no. 4), Blanchet 1905: 149, Brenot 1998: 24–27.

Bibliography

Blanchet 1905 Adrien Blanchet, Traité des monnaies gauloises. Vol. I, Paris: 1905.
Brenot 1998 Claude Brenot, "A propos des monnaies à légendes lépontiennes de Transalpine", in: Fondazione "Andrea Pautasso" per gli studi di numismatica (ed.), Forme di contatto tra moneta locale e moneta straniera nel mondo antico. Atti del Convegno internazionale, Aosta 13-14 ottobre 1995. A cura di Giovanni Gorini, Padova: Esedra Editrice 1998, 23-37.
CII Ariodante Fabretti, Corpus inscriptionum italicarum antiquioris aevi. Ordine geographico digestum et glossarium italicum, in quo omnia vocabula continentur ex umbricis, sabinis, oscis, volscis, etruscis aliisque monumentis quae supersunt, Augusta Taurinorum: 1867.
Colbert de Beaulieu 1966 Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Beaulieu, "Légendes monétaires de Gaule en caractères dérivés de l'Étrusque", in: —, Actes du 90e congrès national des sociétés savantes, Nice, 1965. Section d'archéologie, Nice: 1966, 445–450.
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