esopnos: Difference between revisions

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==Commentary==
==Commentary==
Personal name in the nominative. The name ''eχsobnos'' 'without fear' is well-attested in both Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Gaulish (e.g. {{bib|RIG}} M-175 {{tr|lat|exobnos}}, {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6460 {{tr|lat|exobni}} [gen.]), in numerous variants which include spellings reflecting the development of the second element {{m||obn-|-obn-}} > -''omn''- > -''ou̯n''- (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8409 {{tr|lat|exomnae}} [gen.], {{bib|RIU}} VI 1359 {{tr|lat|exounomarae}} [dat.]), hypercorrect spellings of [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] as ⟨xs⟩ (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6939 {{tr|lat|exsomnus}}), as well as suffixal derivations (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8784 {{tr|lat|exomnianius}}) and one compound mentioned above, see {{bib|AcS}}: 1489 f., {{bib|KGP}}: 213, {{bib|GPN}}: 202, {{bib|DLG}}: 170, {{bib|Meid 2005}}: 108 f., 174, {{bib|Stüber 2005}}: 63, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 98, 100. ''esopnos'' shows the pre-assimilation Lautstand of the root {{m||obn-}}, as do both other certain Cisalpine attestations, the patronym {{w||esopnio}} and the ''ā''-stem {{w||exobna}} (in Latin alphabet), despite the fact, noted by {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 54 f., n. 139, that Latin attestations in northern Italy show [{{p||m}}{{p||n}}] ({{bib|CIL}} V 6101 {{tr|lat|exomno}} [dat., Milano], 7123 {{tr|lat|exsomniae}} [dat., Torino], 7445 {{tr|lat|exsomnae}} [dat., Bassignana], 7832 {{tr|lat|exomnius}} [Forum Germanorum]). A possible attestation of a further assimilated variant is {{w||esonius}}. In all attestations of the name in the Lepontic alphabet, *[{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] is spelled with simple sigma, indicating a (Cisalpine Gaulish?) sound change [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] > [{{p||ss}}], supported by other attestations of {{m||eχs-}} (especially {{w||esanekoti}}, as the simplification of the cluster in the {{m||eχs-}}{{m||king-}}names, which is common also in Transalpine Gaulish, may be due to dissimilation before /{{p||k}}/); the cluster does, however, emerge intact in {{w||exobna}} and the Latin attestations mentioned above.
Personal name in the nominative. The name ''eχsobnos'' 'without fear' is well-attested in both Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Gaulish (e.g. {{bib|RIG}} M-175 {{tr|lat|exobnos}}, {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6460 {{tr|lat|exobni}} [gen.]), in numerous variants which include spellings reflecting the development of the second element {{m||obn-|-obn-}} > -''omn''- > -''ou̯n''- (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8409 {{tr|lat|exomnae}} [gen.], {{bib|RIU}} VI 1359 {{tr|lat|exounomarae}} [dat.]), hypercorrect spellings of [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] as ⟨xs⟩ (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6939 {{tr|lat|exsomnus}}), as well as suffixal derivations (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8784 {{tr|lat|exomnianius}}) and one compound mentioned above, see {{bib|AcS}}: 1489 f., {{bib|KGP}}: 213, {{bib|GPN}}: 202, {{bib|DLG}}: 170, {{bib|Meid 2005}}: 108 f., 174, {{bib|Stüber 2005}}: 63, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 98, 100. ''esopnos'' shows the pre-assimilation Lautstand of the root {{m||obn-}}, as do both other certain Cisalpine attestations, the patronym {{w||esopnio}} and the ''ā''-stem {{w||exobna}} (in Latin alphabet), despite the fact, noted by {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 54 f., n. 139, that Latin attestations in northern Italy show [{{p||m}}{{p||n}}] ({{bib|CIL}} V 6101 {{tr|lat|exomno}} [dat., Milano], 7123 {{tr|lat|exsomniae}} [dat., Torino], 7445 {{tr|lat|exsomnae}} [dat., Bassignana], 7832 {{tr|lat|exomnius}} [Forum Germanorum]). A possible attestation of a further assimilated variant is {{w||esonius}}. In forms which show -''ou̯n''-, it cannot be excluded that the original PC Lautstand (see {{m||-obn-}} has been preserved. In all attestations of the name in the Lepontic alphabet, *[{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] is spelled with simple sigma, indicating a (Cisalpine Gaulish?) sound change [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] > [{{p||ss}}], supported by other attestations of {{m||eχs-}} (especially {{w||esanekoti}}, as the simplification of the cluster in the {{m||eχs-}}{{m||king-}}names, which is common also in Transalpine Gaulish, may be due to dissimilation before /{{p||k}}/); the cluster does, however, emerge intact in {{w||exobna}} and the Latin attestations mentioned above.


The formation {{m||eχs-}}{{m||obn-}} is Proto-Celtic, with cognates in OIr. ''essamain'', MW ''ehofyn'' 'fearless', OIr. ''essamnae'' 'fearlessness' < *''eχsobnii̯ā'', see {{bib|Matasović 2009}}: 119 f., {{bib|IEW}}: 293.
The formation {{m||eχs-}}{{m||obn-}} is Proto-Celtic, with cognates in OIr. ''essamain'', MW ''ehofyn'' 'fearless', OIr. ''essamnae'' 'fearlessness' < *''eχsobnii̯ā'', see {{bib|Matasović 2009}}: 119 f., {{bib|IEW}}: 293.

Latest revision as of 17:59, 10 December 2024

edit with form
Attestation: PV·1 (esopnos kepi) (1)
Language: Celtic
Word Type: proper noun
Semantic Field: personal name
Grammatical Categories: nom. sg. masc.
Stem Class: o, i̯o
Morphemic Analysis: eχs-obn-os
Phonemic Analysis: /e(χ)sobnos/
Meaning: 'Esopnos'

Commentary

Personal name in the nominative. The name eχsobnos 'without fear' is well-attested in both Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Gaulish (e.g. RIG M-175 exobnos, CIL XIII 6460 exobni [gen.]), in numerous variants which include spellings reflecting the development of the second element -obn- > -omn- > -ou̯n- (e.g. CIL XIII 8409 exomnae [gen.], RIU VI 1359 exounomarae [dat.]), hypercorrect spellings of [χs] as ⟨xs⟩ (e.g. CIL XIII 6939 exsomnus), as well as suffixal derivations (e.g. CIL XIII 8784 exomnianius) and one compound mentioned above, see AcS: 1489 f., KGP: 213, GPN: 202, DLG: 170, Meid 2005: 108 f., 174, Stüber 2005: 63, Delamarre 2007: 98, 100. esopnos shows the pre-assimilation Lautstand of the root obn-, as do both other certain Cisalpine attestations, the patronym esopnio and the ā-stem exobna (in Latin alphabet), despite the fact, noted by Lejeune 1971: 54 f., n. 139, that Latin attestations in northern Italy show [mn] (CIL V 6101 exomno [dat., Milano], 7123 exsomniae [dat., Torino], 7445 exsomnae [dat., Bassignana], 7832 exomnius [Forum Germanorum]). A possible attestation of a further assimilated variant is esonius. In forms which show -ou̯n-, it cannot be excluded that the original PC Lautstand (see -obn- has been preserved. In all attestations of the name in the Lepontic alphabet, *[χs] is spelled with simple sigma, indicating a (Cisalpine Gaulish?) sound change [χs] > [ss], supported by other attestations of eχs- (especially esanekoti, as the simplification of the cluster in the eχs-king-names, which is common also in Transalpine Gaulish, may be due to dissimilation before /k/); the cluster does, however, emerge intact in exobna and the Latin attestations mentioned above.

The formation eχs-obn- is Proto-Celtic, with cognates in OIr. essamain, MW ehofyn 'fearless', OIr. essamnae 'fearlessness' < *eχsobnii̯ā, see Matasović 2009: 119 f., IEW: 293.

See also Tibiletti Bruno 1965b: 570, Tibiletti Bruno 1964: 169 f., Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 148.

Bibliography

AcS Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907.
CIL Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (17 volumes, various supplements)
Delamarre 2007 Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007.
DLG Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003.
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