karite: Difference between revisions
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|tense=past | |tense=past | ||
|language=Celtic | |language=Celtic | ||
|analysis_morphemic= | |analysis_morphemic=kari{{m|-t}}{{m|-e}} | ||
|analysis_phonemic=/?{{p|a}}{{p|r}}{{p|i}}{{p|t}}{{p|e}}/ | |analysis_phonemic=/?{{p|a}}{{p|r}}{{p|i}}{{p|t}}{{p|e}}/ | ||
|meaning='enclose' / 'set up' (?) | |meaning='enclose' / 'set up' (?) | ||
|checklevel= | |checklevel=1 | ||
|problem=references | |problem=references | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
Weak ''t''-preterite in the 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular in {{m||-e}}; first identfied as a verb form by '''Whatmough {{bib|PID}}: 554'''. | Weak ''t''-preterite in the 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular in {{m||-e}}; first identfied as a verb form by '''Whatmough {{bib|PID}}: 554'''. | ||
According to {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177 f. and {{bib|Eska 1990}}, the Continental Celtic ''t''-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in | According to {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177 f. and {{bib|Eska 1990}}, the Continental Celtic ''t''-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in -''i̯''- (*-(''e'')''i̯e''/''o-t''), which were recharacterised as past by adding the perfect endings {{m||-e}} or {{m||-ū (3sg.)|-ū}} after the loss of final -''i'' in Celtic made them formally identical to the present forms. See also {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 92–96, {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 165, {{bib|Eska & Evans 2009}}: 37, {{bib|Eska 2009b}}: 112. The rationale underlying the distribution of {{m||-e}} and {{m||-ū (3sg.)|-ū}} is unclear; cf. (uncertain) {{w||kalite}} for an identical formation. | ||
The etymology and exact meaning of the base are uncertain. {{bib|Pisani 1953}}: 272 (also {{bib|Pisani 1964}}: 285) proposed *''k<sup>u̯</sup>er''- 'make' ({{bib|LIV²}}: 391 f.) with delabialised velar (cf. {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1967}}: 19–21 with n. 14, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 141, 167, {{bib|Motta 2002}}: 131 (who derives {{w||karnitu}} from the same root), but unlikely, see {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 164). {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 90 f. suggests PIE *''ĝ<sup>h</sup>er-'' 'grasp, enclose' (but cf. {{bib|LIV²}}: 177, 197) → *''gr̥-i̯e-t'' + ''e'', cf. {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177, {{bib|Meid 1999}}: 14, {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 164 f. {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 165 alternatively propose PIE *''kerH''- 'scatter, pour out' → 'put' (as in OIr. ·''cuirethar'', ''fo·ceird'' 'put', see {{bib|LIV²}}: 353 f. | The etymology and exact meaning of the base are uncertain. {{bib|Pisani 1953}}: 272 (also {{bib|Pisani 1964}}: 285) proposed *''k<sup>u̯</sup>er''- 'make' ({{bib|LIV²}}: 391 f.) with delabialised velar (cf. {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1967}}: 19–21 with n. 14, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 141, 167, {{bib|Motta 2002}}: 131 (who derives {{w||karnitu}} from the same root), but unlikely, see {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 164). {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 90 f. suggests PIE *''ĝ<sup>h</sup>er-'' 'grasp, enclose' (but cf. {{bib|LIV²}}: 177, 197) → *''gr̥-i̯e-t'' > *''garit'' + ''e'', cf. {{bib|Schmidt 1986b}}: 177, {{bib|Meid 1999}}: 14, {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 164 f. {{bib|Eska & Mercado 2005}}: 165 alternatively propose PIE *''kerH''- 'scatter, pour out' → 'put' (as in OIr. ·''cuirethar'', ''fo·ceird'' 'put', see {{bib|LIV²}}: 353 f.; cf. {{bib|Hamp 1991b}}: 36), cf. {{w||θomezeclai}}. | ||
See also {{bib|McCone 1996}}: 69, '''{{bib|Motta 2000}}: 196 f.''', '''{{bib|Morandi 2004}}''' | See also {{bib|McCone 1996}}: 69, '''{{bib|Motta 2000}}: 196 f.''', '''{{bib|Morandi 2004}}'''. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | |||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 1 July 2023
| Attestation: | VA·6 (pelkui:pruiam:teu:karite:iṣ́os:kaṛite:palaṃ) (1) |
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| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | verb |
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| Grammatical Categories: | 3rd sg. past |
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| Morphemic Analysis: | kari-t-e |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /?arite/ |
| Meaning: | 'enclose' / 'set up' (?) |
Commentary
Weak t-preterite in the 3rd person singular in -e; first identfied as a verb form by Whatmough PID: 554.
According to Schmidt 1986b: 177 f. and Eska 1990, the Continental Celtic t-preterite continues the PIE imperfect formed from present stems in -i̯- (*-(e)i̯e/o-t), which were recharacterised as past by adding the perfect endings -e or -ū after the loss of final -i in Celtic made them formally identical to the present forms. See also Lejeune 1971: 92–96, Eska & Mercado 2005: 165, Eska & Evans 2009: 37, Eska 2009b: 112. The rationale underlying the distribution of -e and -ū is unclear; cf. (uncertain) kalite for an identical formation.
The etymology and exact meaning of the base are uncertain. Pisani 1953: 272 (also Pisani 1964: 285) proposed *ku̯er- 'make' (LIV²: 391 f.) with delabialised velar (cf. Tibiletti Bruno 1967: 19–21 with n. 14, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 141, 167, Motta 2002: 131 (who derives karnitu from the same root), but unlikely, see Eska & Mercado 2005: 164). Lejeune 1971: 90 f. suggests PIE *ĝher- 'grasp, enclose' (but cf. LIV²: 177, 197) → *gr̥-i̯e-t > *garit + e, cf. Schmidt 1986b: 177, Meid 1999: 14, Eska & Mercado 2005: 164 f. Eska & Mercado 2005: 165 alternatively propose PIE *kerH- 'scatter, pour out' → 'put' (as in OIr. ·cuirethar, fo·ceird 'put', see LIV²: 353 f.; cf. Hamp 1991b: 36), cf. θomezeclai.
See also McCone 1996: 69, Motta 2000: 196 f., Morandi 2004.
Bibliography
| Eska & Evans 2009 | Joseph F. Eska, David Ellis Evans, "Continental Celtic", in: Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller (eds), The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition, London – New York: Routledge 2009, 28–53. |
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| Eska & Mercado 2005 | Joseph Francis Eska, Angelo O. Mercado, "Observations on verbal art in ancient Vergiate", Historische Sprachforschung 118 (2005), 160-184. |
| Eska 1990 | Joseph F. Eska, "The so-called weak or dental preterite in Continental Celtic, Watkins' law, and related matters", Historische Sprachforschung 103 (1990), 81–91. |
| Eska 2009b | Joseph Francis Eska, "Remarks on the 3. plural preterite in -us in Continental Celtic", Die Sprache 47,1 (2007–2008 [2009]), 108–119. |
