esopnos: Difference between revisions
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{{word | {{word | ||
|type_word=proper noun | |type_word=proper noun | ||
|stem_class=o | |stem_class=o, i̯o | ||
|number=sg. | |number=sg. | ||
|case=nom. | |case=nom. | ||
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|language=Celtic | |language=Celtic | ||
|analysis_morphemic={{m|eχs-}}{{m|obn-}}{{m|-os|os}} | |analysis_morphemic={{m|eχs-}}{{m|obn-}}{{m|-os|os}} | ||
|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|e}}{{p|s}}{{p|o}}{{p|b}}{{p|n}}{{p|o}}{{p|s}}/ | |analysis_phonemic=/{{p|e}}({{p|k|χ}}){{p|s}}{{p|o}}{{p|b}}{{p|n}}{{p|o}}{{p|s}}/ | ||
|meaning='Esopnos' | |meaning='Esopnos' | ||
|field_semantic=personal name | |field_semantic=personal name | ||
|checklevel= | |checklevel=2 | ||
|problem= | |problem=fehlen Referenzen von Inschrift, Literatur zu [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] > s? | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
Personal name in the nominative. The name '' | Personal name in the nominative. The name ''eχsobnos'' 'without fear' is well-attested in both Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Gaulish (e.g. {{bib|RIG}} M-175 {{tr|lat|exobnos}}, {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6460 {{tr|lat|exobni}} [gen.]), in numerous variants which include spellings reflecting the development of the second element {{m||obn-|-obn-}} > -''omn''- > -''ou̯n''- (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8409 {{tr|lat|exomnae}} [gen.], {{bib|RIU}} VI 1359 {{tr|lat|exounomarae}} [dat.]), hypercorrect spellings of [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] as ⟨xs⟩ (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 6939 {{tr|lat|exsomnus}}), as well as suffixal derivations (e.g. {{bib|CIL}} XIII 8784 {{tr|lat|exomnianius}}) and one compound mentioned above, see {{bib|AcS}}: 1489 f., {{bib|KGP}}: 213, {{bib|GPN}}: 202, {{bib|DLG}}: 170, {{bib|Meid 2005}}: 108 f., 174, {{bib|Stüber 2005}}: 63, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 98, 100. ''esopnos'' shows the pre-assimilation Lautstand of the root {{m||obn-}}, as do both other certain Cisalpine attestations, the patronym {{w||esopnio}} and the ''ā''-stem {{w||exobna}} (in Latin alphabet), despite the fact, noted by {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 54 f., n. 139, that Latin attestations in northern Italy show [{{p||m}}{{p||n}}] ({{bib|CIL}} V 6101 {{tr|lat|exomno}} [dat., Milano], 7123 {{tr|lat|exsomniae}} [dat., Torino], 7445 {{tr|lat|exsomnae}} [dat., Bassignana], 7832 {{tr|lat|exomnius}} [Forum Germanorum]). A possible attestation of a further assimilated variant is {{w||esonius}}. In all attestations of the name in the Lepontic alphabet, *[{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] is spelled with simple sigma, indicating a (Cisalpine Gaulish?) sound change [{{p||χ}}{{p||s}}] > [{{p||ss}}], supported by other attestations of {{m||eχs-}} (especially {{w||esanekoti}}, as the simplification of the cluster in the {{m||eχs-}}{{m||king-}}names, which is common also in Transalpine Gaulish, may be due to dissimilation before /{{p||k}}/); the cluster does, however, emerge intact in {{w||exobna}} and the Latin attestations mentioned above. | ||
{{ | The formation {{m||eχs-}}{{m||obn-}} is Proto-Celtic, with cognates in OIr. ''essamain'', MW ''ehofyn'' 'fearless', OIr. ''essamnae'' 'fearlessness' < *''eχsobnii̯ā'', see {{bib|Matasović 2009}}: 119 f., {{bib|IEW}}: 293. | ||
See also '''{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1965b}}: 570''', '''{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1964}}: 169 f.''', {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 148. | |||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:50, 25 November 2024
| Attestation: | PV·1 (esopnos kepi) (1) |
|---|---|
| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
|
| |
| Grammatical Categories: | nom. sg. masc. |
| Stem Class: | o, i̯o |
|
| |
| Morphemic Analysis: | eχs-obn-os |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /e(χ)sobnos/ |
| Meaning: | 'Esopnos' |
Commentary
Personal name in the nominative. The name eχsobnos 'without fear' is well-attested in both Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Gaulish (e.g. RIG M-175 exobnos, CIL XIII 6460 exobni [gen.]), in numerous variants which include spellings reflecting the development of the second element -obn- > -omn- > -ou̯n- (e.g. CIL XIII 8409 exomnae [gen.], RIU VI 1359 exounomarae [dat.]), hypercorrect spellings of [χs] as ⟨xs⟩ (e.g. CIL XIII 6939 exsomnus), as well as suffixal derivations (e.g. CIL XIII 8784 exomnianius) and one compound mentioned above, see AcS: 1489 f., KGP: 213, GPN: 202, DLG: 170, Meid 2005: 108 f., 174, Stüber 2005: 63, Delamarre 2007: 98, 100. esopnos shows the pre-assimilation Lautstand of the root obn-, as do both other certain Cisalpine attestations, the patronym esopnio and the ā-stem exobna (in Latin alphabet), despite the fact, noted by Lejeune 1971: 54 f., n. 139, that Latin attestations in northern Italy show [mn] (CIL V 6101 exomno [dat., Milano], 7123 exsomniae [dat., Torino], 7445 exsomnae [dat., Bassignana], 7832 exomnius [Forum Germanorum]). A possible attestation of a further assimilated variant is esonius. In all attestations of the name in the Lepontic alphabet, *[χs] is spelled with simple sigma, indicating a (Cisalpine Gaulish?) sound change [χs] > [ss], supported by other attestations of eχs- (especially esanekoti, as the simplification of the cluster in the eχs-king-names, which is common also in Transalpine Gaulish, may be due to dissimilation before /k/); the cluster does, however, emerge intact in exobna and the Latin attestations mentioned above.
The formation eχs-obn- is Proto-Celtic, with cognates in OIr. essamain, MW ehofyn 'fearless', OIr. essamnae 'fearlessness' < *eχsobnii̯ā, see Matasović 2009: 119 f., IEW: 293.
See also Tibiletti Bruno 1965b: 570, Tibiletti Bruno 1964: 169 f., Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 148.
Bibliography
| AcS | Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907. |
|---|---|
| CIL | Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (17 volumes, various supplements) |
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
