NM·5

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Coin
Coin type
Coin type:	drachma, Lejeune A5, Pautasso 12, Arslan XV
Description:	obverse: right-facing female head, reverse: right-facing lion
Material (main component):	silver
Material composition:	unspecified silver alloy (probably silver, copper, tin, lead, and traces of antimony)
Average diameter:	1.4 cm0.551 in <br />
Average thickness:	unknown
Average weight:	2.00 g0.002 kg <br />0.00441 lb <br />
Workmanship:	chased
Archaeological culture:	unknown
Date:	since 80 BC
Date derived from:	typology
Number of known pieces:	32
Area of circulation:	Serravalle Scrivia (Alessandria), Gran San Bernardo (Val d'Aosta), Ornavasso (Novara), Giubiasco (Ticino), Cimo-Agno (Ticino), Porlezza (Como), Alzate (Como), Treviglio (Bergamo), Gerenzago (Pavia), Lodivecchio (Milano), Palazzo Pignano (Cremona), Gamsen (Valais/Wallis)
Mint / Main site:	unknown
Coordinates (approx.):	none
Coin legend
Idealised transliteration:	rikoi
Idealised original script:
Position:	back, top
Orientation:	0°
Direction of writing:	dextroverse
Script:	North Italic script (Lepontic alphabet)
Letter height:	00 cm <br />0 in <br />
Number of letters:	5
Number of words:	1
Number of lines:	1
Inscription type:	minting authority
Language:	Celtic
Syntactic analysis:	NP
Meaning:	unknown
Alternative sigla:	Whatmough 1933 (PID): 322 Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 36 D
Sources:	Pautasso 1966: 16 & 45-46 & 48 & 93 & 105 Wiblé 2000: 237 Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 199-200

Images

Silver drachma with rikoi legend from Tremona	Silver drachma with rikoi legend from Giubiasco	Obverse of NM·5 specimen at Lausanne (MMC 86)	Reverse of NM·5 specimen at Lausanne (MMC 86)	Obverse of NM·5 specimen at Zürich (LM.A-500)
Reverse of NM·5 specimen at Zürich (LM.A-500)	Obverse of NM·5 specimen at Zürich (LM.A-501)	Reverse of NM·5 specimen at Zürich (LM.A-501)	Coin with rikoi legend from the hoard of Pavia	Coin with rikoi legend from Lodivecchio (Milan)
Silver drachma with rikoi legend from Gamsen (Valais/Wallis)

Map

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find site; geographic mean value of sites

Commentary

32 specimens of the coin type are known to us:
1. Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum (Zürich), inv. no. LM.A-500: Giubiasco, 1.55 g; Pautasso 1966: tav. XXII.98; examined: rikoị (photos above)
2. Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum (Zürich), inv. no. LM.A-501: Giubiasco, 1.42 g; Pautasso 1966: tav. XXII.99; examined: rikoi (photos above)
3. Musée cantonal d’archéologie et d’histoire (Lausanne), inv. no. MMC 86: unknown findplace, 2.02 g; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.467; examined: rikoị (photos above)
4. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. 341: Pavia hoard, 2.45 g; Pautasso 1966: tav. XXXII.154; examined (scanned photo above)
5. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14422: unknown findplace, 2.34 g, 14 mm; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.466, SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 81; examined
6. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14423: unknown findplace, 2.17 g, 15 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 82; examined
7. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14424: unknown findplace, 2.11 g, 15 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 83; examined
8. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14425: unknown findplace, 2.11 g, 14 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 84; examined
9. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14380: unknown findplace, 2.09 g, 14 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 85; examined
10. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14426: unknown findplace, 2.03 g, 15 mm; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.465, SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 86; examined
11. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14427: unknown findplace, 1.92 g, 14 mm; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.464, SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 87; examined
12. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.984.02.1405: unknown findplace, 1.92 g, 14 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 88; examined
13. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.0.9.14428: unknown findplace, 1.54 g, 14 mm; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.469, SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 89; examined
14. Civico Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere (Milano), inv. no. M.989.06.41: unknown findplace, 1.49 g, 14 mm; SNGItal Milano II: 36 f., tav. IX, no. 90; examined
15. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), inv. no. 2164; unknown findplace, 2.28 g; Pautasso 1966: tav. XCII.468; image in the Gallica catalogue
16. Pautasso 1966: tav. XIX 82: Great St Bernard Hospice, 1.35 g
17. Pautasso 1966: tav. XXI 95: Ornavasso (San Bernardo grave 84), 1.35 g; Museo del Paesaggio – Sezione archeologica ‟Enrico Bianchetti” (Ornavasso); examined
18. Pautasso 1966: tav. XXI 96: Ornavasso (In Persona grave 35), 1.23 g; Museo del Paesaggio – Sezione archeologica ‟Enrico Bianchetti” (Ornavasso)
19. Pautasso 1966: tav. XXI 97: Ornavasso, In Persona grave 57), 1.3 g; Museo del Paesaggio – Sezione archeologica ‟Enrico Bianchetti” (Ornavasso)
20. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVI 236: Treviglio hoard, 1.86 g; Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Bergamo e Brescia (Brescia)?
21. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVI 237: Treviglio hoard, 1.75 g; Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Bergamo e Brescia (Brescia)?
22. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVI 238: Treviglio hoard, 2.02 g; Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Bergamo e Brescia (Brescia)?
23. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVI 239: Treviglio hoard, 1.55 g; Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Bergamo e Brescia (Brescia)?
24. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVI 240: Treviglio hoard, 1.65 g; Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Bergamo e Brescia (Brescia)?
25. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVII 241: Lodivecchio, 2.15 g; Museo Civico (Lodi) (scanned photo above)
26. Pautasso 1966: tav. XLVII 242: Palazzo Pignano, 2.35 g; Palazzo Civico (Crema)
27. Pautasso 1966: tav. XCIII 470: unknown find place, 2.31 g; private collection
28. Pautasso 1966: tav. XCIII 471: unknown find place, 2.06 g; private collection
29. Arslan 2000: 230, no. 6: Tremona, 1.98 g, 15 mm; Ufficio Cantonale dei Beni Culturali (Bellinzona) (scanned photo above)
30. Arslan 2000: 230, no. 7: Giubiasco, 2.12 g, 15 mm; private collection (scanned photo above)
31. Wiblé 2000: 237, no. 7: Gamsen, 2.033 g, 16 mm; ORA Valais (Martigny), inv. no. BW95 / 1045B-23 (scanned photo above)
32. Zopfi 2001: 215 and 225, fig. 10 (photos): Pieve Porto Morone, cascina I Monti, 1.35 g, 15 mm; presumably at the Soprintendenza

• Erroneous readings (after Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 200): riko, rikoa, rikom
• Morandi 1999: 185, fn. 105-106
• Morandi 1982: 231 (nr. 132), pl. LIII, fig. 3
• Morandi 1984: 84
• Marinetti & Prosdocimi 1994: 31
• Pautasso 1991 (reprint of Pautasso 1966): 135-136
• Violante 1993: 123 (picture)

Bibliography

Arslan 2000	Ermanno A. Arslan, "La monetazione con legende leponzie e la monetazione preromana dell'area leponzia e insubre", in: Raffaele C. De Marinis, Simonetta Biaggio Simona (eds), I leponti tra mito e realtà. Raccolta di saggi in occasione della mostra Locarno, Castello Visconteo - Casorella, 20 maggio - 3 dicembre 2000, Verbania: Armando Dadò Editore 2000, 223-233.
Caramella & De Giuli 1993	Pierangelo Caramella, Alberto De Giuli, Archeologia dell'Alto Novarese, Mergozzo: Antiquarium Mergozzo 1993.
Castelfranco 1879	Pompeo Castelfranco, "Tombe gallo-italiche trovate al Soldo presso Alzate in Brianza", Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana 5 (1879), 6–28.