are-: Difference between revisions
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|analysis_phonemic=/{{p|a}}{{p|r}}{{p|e}}/- | |analysis_phonemic=/{{p|a}}{{p|r}}{{p|e}}/- | ||
|from_pie=*''pr̥h₂-i'' 'in front' | |from_pie=*''pr̥h₂-i'' 'in front' | ||
|from_protocelt=*'' | |from_protocelt=*''φari'' 'in front' | ||
|checklevel=1 | |checklevel=1 | ||
|problem=wo is das bei Dunkel? | |problem=wo is das bei Dunkel? | ||
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}} | }} | ||
== Commentary == | == Commentary == | ||
Well-attested Celtic prefix/preposition (OIr. ''air'', W ''ar''-/''er''-, Bret. ''ar'', {{bib|LEIA}}: A-37 f.). In Gaulish, ''are''- is amply attested as prefix in ethnic and place names: ''aremorici'' 'those before/by the sea' (thus in Endlicher's glossary: ''aremorici: antemarini. qui are: ante''), ''aresequani'' 'those by the Seine', ''arelate'' > ''Arles'' '(place) by the moor' (see {{bib|DLG}}: 52). Clear instances in personal names are rarer (e.g., ''aremagios''), but many opaque names in ''ar''° may contain the prefix (with syncopated ''e'') (see {{bib|KGP}}: 132–134, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 211 et passim, {{bib|Wodtko 2013}}: 223 f.). On the weakening of ''i'' to ''e'' in the auslauts of certain prepositions see {{bib|VKG}}: I 40, 256, {{bib|CCCG}}: 4, 68, {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 119, n. 411, {{bib|Lambert 1994}}: 41, {{bib|Uhlich 2010}}: 145–149, and cf. {{m||ande-}}, {{m||ate-}}). An attestation of ''are'' as preposition in Gaulish was suggested by Corthals, but judged unconvincing by Delamarre {{bib|DLG}}: 52. | Well-attested Celtic prefix/preposition (OIr. ''air'', W ''ar''-/''er''-, Bret. ''ar'', {{bib|LEIA}}: A-37 f.). In Gaulish, ''are''- is amply attested as prefix in ethnic and place names: ''aremorici'' 'those before/by the sea' (thus in Endlicher's glossary: ''aremorici: antemarini. qui are: ante''), ''aresequani'' 'those by the Seine', ''arelate'' > ''Arles'' '(place) by the moor' (see {{bib|DLG}}: 52). Clear instances in personal names are rarer (e.g., ''aremagios''), but many opaque names in ''ar''° may contain the prefix (with syncopated ''e'') (see {{bib|KGP}}: 132–134, {{bib|Delamarre 2007}}: 211 et passim, {{bib|Wodtko 2013}}: 223 f.). On the weakening of ''i'' to ''e'' in the auslauts of certain prepositions see {{bib|VKG}}: I 40, 256, {{bib|CCCG}}: 4, 68, {{bib|Lejeune 1971}}: 119, n. 411, {{bib|Lambert 1994}}: 41, {{bib|Uhlich 2010}}: 145–149, and cf. {{m||ande-}}, {{m||ate-}}). An attestation of ''are'' as preposition in Gaulish was suggested by Corthals, but judged unconvincing by Delamarre {{bib|DLG}}: 52. Cf. {{m||eri-}}. | ||
In Cisalpine Celtic, ''are''- is attested twice as part of the morpheme syntagma {{m||ande-}}''are''- in personal names ([[anareuiśeos|one]] Cisalpine Gaulish, the [[anarekartos|other]] of uncertain ascription). | In Cisalpine Celtic, ''are''- is attested twice as part of the morpheme syntagma {{m||ande-}}''are''- in personal names ([[anareuiśeos|one]] Cisalpine Gaulish, the [[anarekartos|other]] of uncertain ascription). | ||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | <p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | ||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:25, 16 January 2025
| Type: | lexical |
|---|---|
| Meaning: | 'in front, before, near, east of' |
| Language: | Celtic |
| Phonemic analysis: | /are/- |
| From PIE: | *pr̥h₂-i 'in front' |
| From Proto-Celtic: | *φari 'in front' |
| Attestation: | anarekartos, anareuiśeos, ariuonepos |
| RIIG: | are |
Commentary
Well-attested Celtic prefix/preposition (OIr. air, W ar-/er-, Bret. ar, LEIA: A-37 f.). In Gaulish, are- is amply attested as prefix in ethnic and place names: aremorici 'those before/by the sea' (thus in Endlicher's glossary: aremorici: antemarini. qui are: ante), aresequani 'those by the Seine', arelate > Arles '(place) by the moor' (see DLG: 52). Clear instances in personal names are rarer (e.g., aremagios), but many opaque names in ar° may contain the prefix (with syncopated e) (see KGP: 132–134, Delamarre 2007: 211 et passim, Wodtko 2013: 223 f.). On the weakening of i to e in the auslauts of certain prepositions see VKG: I 40, 256, CCCG: 4, 68, Lejeune 1971: 119, n. 411, Lambert 1994: 41, Uhlich 2010: 145–149, and cf. ande-, ate-). An attestation of are as preposition in Gaulish was suggested by Corthals, but judged unconvincing by Delamarre DLG: 52. Cf. eri-.
In Cisalpine Celtic, are- is attested twice as part of the morpheme syntagma ande-are- in personal names (one Cisalpine Gaulish, the other of uncertain ascription).
Bibliography
| CCCG | Henry Lewis, Holger Pedersen, A Concise Comparative Celtic Grammar, 3rd edition with the supplement of 1961 by Henry Lewis, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1989 [reprint of 1974]. |
|---|---|
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
