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Etruscan masculine personal name in -''ie'', borrowed from Celtic. The generally accepted analysis of the Celtic base is *''elu̯eit''(''i'')''i̯os'' or *''eluφeit''(''i'')''i̯os'' 'Helvetian' ({{bib|Vitali 1998}}: 262 f., {{bib|Vitali & Kaenel 2000}}: 115 f.). The name was borrowed into Etruscan in the vocative *''elu̯''/''u''(''φ'')''eit''(''i'')''i̯e'' ({{bib|Stifter 2013}}: 49–52, {{bib|Salomon 2020}}: 384–386). It is the oldest attestation of the ethnonym *''elu̯ēt''(''i'')''i̯ī'' < *''pelh₁u-pei̯Ht-''(''i'')''i̯o''- 'those of much land' or 'many pastures' ({{bib|Thurneysen 1923}}: 11 f.), Latinised ''heluetiī''. The form provides evidence for the dating of the monophthongisation of /ei/ > /ē/ in the second element, and possibly of the loss of /p/: ‹v› could theoretically be merely a hiatus marker, but may well reflect the etymological /p/ of *''pei̯Htu''- weakened to [φ] in the inlaut after [u] (cf. {{w||uvamokozis}}; {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453). Whether ‹v› in this attestation is a spelling approximation for genuine Celtic [φ], or [u̯] through Etruscan sound substitution, is unclear. As Etruscan had anlauting /f/, /h/ and /u̯/, the lack of any reflection of a weakened /p/ in the first element < *''pelh₁u''- shows that initial /h/ in Lat. ''heluetiī'', which was hardly borrowed before 300 BC, cannot reflect /h/ < /p/ in the Celtic form; see {{bib|Stifter 2012c}}: 530 f. on "exotic ''h''" in Latin ethnonyms. | Etruscan masculine personal name in -''ie'', borrowed from Celtic. The generally accepted analysis of the Celtic base is *''elu̯eit''(''i'')''i̯os'' or *''eluφeit''(''i'')''i̯os'' 'Helvetian' ({{bib|Vitali 1998}}: 262 f., {{bib|Vitali & Kaenel 2000}}: 115 f.). The name was borrowed into Etruscan in the vocative *''elu̯''/''u''(''φ'')''eit''(''i'')''i̯e'' ({{bib|Stifter 2013}}: 49–52, {{bib|Salomon 2020}}: 384–386). It is the oldest attestation of the ethnonym *''elu̯ēt''(''i'')''i̯ī'' < *''pelh₁u-pei̯Ht-''(''i'')''i̯o''- 'those of much land' or 'many pastures' ({{bib|Thurneysen 1923}}: 11 f.), Latinised ''heluetiī''. The form provides evidence for the dating of the monophthongisation of /ei/ > /ē/ in the second element, and possibly of the loss of /p/: ‹v› could theoretically be merely a hiatus marker, but may well reflect the etymological /p/ of *''pei̯Htu''- weakened to [φ] in the inlaut after [u] (cf. {{w||uvamokozis}}; {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453). Whether ‹v› in this attestation is a spelling approximation for genuine Celtic [φ], or [u̯] through Etruscan sound substitution, is unclear. As Etruscan had anlauting /f/, /h/ and /u̯/, the lack of any reflection of a weakened /p/ in the first element < *''pelh₁u''- shows that initial /h/ in Lat. ''heluetiī'', which was hardly borrowed before 300 BC, cannot reflect /h/ < /p/ in the Celtic form; see {{bib|Stifter 2012c}}: 530 f. on "exotic ''h''" in Latin ethnonyms. | ||
It cannot be securely determined whether the Etruscan attestation is a cognomen/nickname literally meaning 'the Helvetian', an individual name, or a nomen. For individual names derived from ethnonyms cf. {{w||kalatiknos}}. {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453 propose the same etymology (minus the suffix) for Ogam ILVVETO. | It cannot be securely determined whether the Etruscan attestation is a cognomen/nickname literally meaning 'the Helvetian', an individual name, or a nomen. For individual names which may be derived from ethnonyms cf. {{w||kalatiknos}}, {{w||pelkui}} and {{w||onesi}}. {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453 propose the same etymology (minus the suffix) for Ogam ILVVETO. | ||
An alternative etymology is proposed by De Bernardo Stempel (in a letter to Stefan Zimmer, recorded in {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453), who analyses the second element as ''u̯ēd''- < *''u̯ei̯d''- (→ 'much-knowing', cf. {{m||u̯id-}}). | An alternative etymology is proposed by De Bernardo Stempel (in a letter to Stefan Zimmer, recorded in {{bib|Villar & Prósper 2005}}: 307, n. 453), who analyses the second element as ''u̯ēd''- < *''u̯ei̯d''- (→ 'much-knowing', cf. {{m||u̯id-}}). | ||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | <p style="text-align:right;>[[User:David Stifter|David Stifter]], [[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | ||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Revision as of 14:39, 23 August 2024
| Attestation: | Pa 0.3 (eluveitie) (1) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Language: | Etruscan | ||
| Word Type: | proper noun | ||
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
| |
| Grammatical Categories: | nom. masc. | ||
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| Morphemic Analysis: | el-u-eit-(i)i̯-e | ||
| Phonemic Analysis: | /eluφei̯t(i)i̯e/ or /eluu̯ei̯t(i)i̯e/ | ||
| Meaning: | 'Eluveitie' | ||
Commentary
Etruscan masculine personal name in -ie, borrowed from Celtic. The generally accepted analysis of the Celtic base is *elu̯eit(i)i̯os or *eluφeit(i)i̯os 'Helvetian' (Vitali 1998: 262 f., Vitali & Kaenel 2000: 115 f.). The name was borrowed into Etruscan in the vocative *elu̯/u(φ)eit(i)i̯e (Stifter 2013: 49–52, Salomon 2020: 384–386). It is the oldest attestation of the ethnonym *elu̯ēt(i)i̯ī < *pelh₁u-pei̯Ht-(i)i̯o- 'those of much land' or 'many pastures' (Thurneysen 1923: 11 f.), Latinised heluetiī. The form provides evidence for the dating of the monophthongisation of /ei/ > /ē/ in the second element, and possibly of the loss of /p/: ‹v› could theoretically be merely a hiatus marker, but may well reflect the etymological /p/ of *pei̯Htu- weakened to [φ] in the inlaut after [u] (cf. uvamokozis; Villar & Prósper 2005: 307, n. 453). Whether ‹v› in this attestation is a spelling approximation for genuine Celtic [φ], or [u̯] through Etruscan sound substitution, is unclear. As Etruscan had anlauting /f/, /h/ and /u̯/, the lack of any reflection of a weakened /p/ in the first element < *pelh₁u- shows that initial /h/ in Lat. heluetiī, which was hardly borrowed before 300 BC, cannot reflect /h/ < /p/ in the Celtic form; see Stifter 2012c: 530 f. on "exotic h" in Latin ethnonyms.
It cannot be securely determined whether the Etruscan attestation is a cognomen/nickname literally meaning 'the Helvetian', an individual name, or a nomen. For individual names which may be derived from ethnonyms cf. kalatiknos, pelkui and onesi. Villar & Prósper 2005: 307, n. 453 propose the same etymology (minus the suffix) for Ogam ILVVETO.
An alternative etymology is proposed by De Bernardo Stempel (in a letter to Stefan Zimmer, recorded in Villar & Prósper 2005: 307, n. 453), who analyses the second element as u̯ēd- < *u̯ei̯d- (→ 'much-knowing', cf. u̯id-).
David Stifter, Corinna Salomon
