Archaeological Overview
From Lexicon Leponticum
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| Archaeological phases | Dating | (Pre-)Historical context |
|---|---|---|
| Golasecca II A | beginning 6th cent. BC - 525 | Golasecca Culture |
| Golasecca II B | 525 - 480/75 | " |
| Golasecca III A 1 | 480/75 - 450/440 | " |
| Latène A = Golasecca III A 2-3 | 450 - 375 | Gaulish Invasion into the Po valley (ca. 400 BC) |
| Latène B | 375 - first half of 3rd cent. BC | " |
| Latène C 1 | second half of 3rd cent. BC | " |
| Latène C 2 | 2nd cent. BC | Roman conquest of the gaulish tribes in Italy (since 225/191) |
| Latène D | end of 2nd cent. BC - 1st cent. BC | " |
slightly simplified table from Uhlich 2007: 381, cp. Uhlich 1999: 292 f.
Archaeological evidence
Broader archaeological context: synopsis of archaeological phases in different regions
The Golasecca Culture
This list is not a comprehensive collection of relevant literature. It is a first result of the research work in progress.
- Pauli 1971, Pauli 1970-3
- De Marinis 1981
- De Marinis 1988: Bronze Age in northern Italy, Proto-Golasecca and expansion of Golasecca culture (pp. 159-169), ethnic groups in Golasecca Culture (pp. 169-175, bibliography: 245-246), Iron Age (pp. 175-244), Ligurians (pp. 248-259 "[…] esclude una netta contrapposizione tra Celti e Liguri dal punto di vista etnico-linguistico e depone a favore di una loro antica parallela." on p. 249)
- De Marinis 1991b
- Markey & Mees 2003: 122-124!!
- De Marinis & Biaggio Simona 2000: I 341-206
- Stöckli 1975: 53-55, figs. 51-53
- Negroni Catacchio 1975
- Violante 1993: 95-115 (material culture)
Lepontic, Lepontii and Golasecca Culture
- De Hoz 1992: 223-225, 229-234
- Meid 1999: v.a. 13
- Uhlich 2007: 378-381
- Uhlich 1999: 283-291
- Devoto 1956: 325-328 ("L'area dei Celti è perciò la sola dove le testimonianze archeologiche sono sovrabbondanti rispetto alle esigenze linguistiche." on p. 328)
- De Marinis 1988
- De Marinis 1991
- De Marinis & Motta 1990-1
- Motta 1992
- Frey 1995: 516
- De Marinis & Biaggio Simona 2000: I & II
- Bagnasco Gianni 1999 (Accoglienza della scrittura e calore del segno scritto, in Rassegna di Studi del Civico Museo Archeologico (...))
- Lejeune 1972 (term "Lepontic" and "Lepontii", difference between script, language and historical people, discussion; cf. Devoto 1972)
- Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 194-196
- Motta 1992: 312
- Strabon: 4.206 (Lepontii)
- Plinius NH: 3.136 (Lepontii)
- Piana Agostinetti 1988 (attempt of a definition of the Celtic civitates of the transpadanian region)
- Prosdocimi 1987b (transpadanian Etruscan culture)
- Solinas 2002b ("ethnical ideology" signs in Celtic epigraphies in the area of Verona)
Map of inscribed objects from the Golasecca necropolis:
Images
 Map showing the distribution of stela finds in the Lunigiana
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 Map of Lepontic sites in Northern Italy as shown in Morandi 2004
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