BS·3.2
| Inscription | |
|---|---|
| Proper name: | Inscription from Voltino [part 2 of 2] |
| Reading in transliteration: | θomezecuai / obauzanaθina |
| Reading in original script: |            
|
| Variant reading: | θomezeclai / obalza naθina (Thurneysen, Eska), : omezecụai / obauzana : ina (  taken as separator, Morandi),θoMe þeCuai ośau saNaθiNa (Zavaroni), θome zecAai oBau zanaθina (Schürr) |
|
| |
| Object: | BS·3 Voltino (stela) (Inscriptions: BS·3.1, BS·3.2) |
| Position: | front, lower area"lower area" is not in the list (front, back, left-hand side, right-hand side, centre, top, bottom, neck, shoulder, foot, ...) of allowed values for the "position" property. |
| Orientation: | 0° |
| Frame: |    (left: straight, middle: bottom, right: straight)
|
| Direction of writing: | dextroverse |
| Script: | Camunic Script"Camunic Script" is not in the list (Greek script, Etruscan script, Latin script, North Italic script, Camunic script, none, unknown) of allowed values for the "script" property. |
| Number of letters: | 20–22 |
| Number of lines: | 2 |
| Workmanship: | carved, painted |
| Condition: | complete |
|
| |
| Archaeological culture: | Augustan [from object] |
| Date of inscription: | end of 1st century BC / beginning of 1st century AD [from object] |
|
| |
| Type: | unknown |
| Language: | unknown |
| Syntactic analysis: | unknown |
| Meaning: | unknown |
|
| |
| Alternative sigla: | Whatmough 1933 (PID): 249 Morandi 2004: 233 5-6 |
|
| |
| Sources: | Zavaroni 2008: 18-35 Schürr 2007: 335-345 Morandi 2004: 670-671 & 806 (pl. XXIX) Eska & Weiss 1996: 289-291 |
Images
 |
Commentary
Reading and interpretations ambiguous. Script: Camunic Script (Alphabet of Sondrio), although M and N are neither properly Latin nor Camunic; C is a Latin character; the four a's are of the Lepontic tipe (Zavaroni 2008: 20-23, Schürr 2007: 336, 337-340 cf. De Marinis 1992: 160-161, Tibiletti Bruno 1990: 165, Prosdocimi 1965). In the past this inscription has undergone many interpretation attempts (cf. Zavaroni 2008: 18-19, Schürr 2007: 336-337 for a summary):
- Para-Etruscan: Pauli 1885: 96-97, Lattes 1914b: 476
- Rhetic dialect: Whatmough 1933: 57-59, 549-551, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 218-219, Tibiletti Bruno 1992
- Gaulish/Celtic: Thurneysen 1923: 8-9, Koch 1985, Meid 1989: 17-26, Eska 1989, Hamp 1989
Thurneysen 1923: 8-9, followed by Meid 1989: 17-26, Eska 1989: 106-107, Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 218-219 ecc. read "tomezeclai obalzanatina"; segmented by Eska & Weiss 1996 (cp. Eska & Evans 2009: 35) "to=me=declai obalda natina" (transl. "Obalda; (their) dear daughter; set me (the monument) up"; for syntax discussion cf. Zavaroni 2008: 23-24, Eska 1989, Koch 1983: 200-201, Koch 1985: 24-25, Thurneysen 1923: 8-10). This interpretation as Celtic inscription is based on an old reading and the interpretations of θomezecuai (cp. Schürr 2007: 336-337). Zavaroni (2008: 23-31) and Schürr (2007: 341-345) put forward, that it could be a double onomastic formula, once Gaulish-/Latinised and once Camunic/Euganeic, where tetumus = θome, sanadis = zanaθina. For Etruscan parallels see Zavaroni 2008: 23, CIE: 1416, CIE: 890, CIE: 1048. Regarding the possibly determinable, yet poorly known Camunic/Euganeic language see Schürr 2006: 341-342, 345, fn. 17.
- Weisgerber 1931: 154-155 (old reading tomedeclai obalda natina, Thurneysen)
- cf. also Markey & Mees 2004: 74, Eska & Weiss 1996: 289-90, Mees 2003: Stratum and Shadow. A Genealogy of Stratigraphy Theories from the Indo-Euopean West, in Language Contacts in Prehistory: Studies in Stratigraphy, 11-14 ("Etruscoid", "Kelto-Ligurian", "Para-Rhaetic")
For the script, cp. also the Latin inscription CIL 5, 4717 (Brixia/Brescia) which has three 'Camunoid' letters at its end.
Further References:
- Lejeune 1971: p. 64, Note 220
- Tibiletti Bruno 1978: pp. 175, 218-219
- Eska 1998c: p. 26
Bibliography
| CIE | Carl Pauli, Olof August Danielsson et al. (eds.), Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum. (3 volumes, various parts) |
|---|---|
| De Marinis 1992 | Raffaele C. De Marinis, "Il territorio prealpino e alpino tra i Laghi di Como e di Garda dal Bronzo recente alla fine dell'età del Ferro", in: Ingrid R. Metzger, Paul Gleirscher (eds), Die Räter / I Reti, Bozen: Athesia 1992, 145–174. |
| Eska & Evans 2009 | Joseph F. Eska, David Ellis Evans, "Continental Celtic", in: Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller (eds), The Celtic Languages, 2nd edition, London – New York: Routledge 2009, 28–53. |
| Eska & Weiss 1996 | Joseph Francis Eska, Michael Weiss, "Segmenting Gaul. tomedeclai", Studia Celtica 30 (1996), 289-292. |
| Eska 1989 | Joseph Francis Eska, "Interpreting the Gaulish inscription of Voltino", Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 36 (1989), 106-107. |
| Eska 1998c | Josef Francis Eska, "PIE *p (doesn't become) Ø in proto Celtic", Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 58 (1998), 63-80. |
