latumarui
| Attestation: | VB·3.1 (latumarui:sapsutai:pe:uinom:natom) (1) |
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| Language: | Celtic |
| Word Type: | proper noun |
| Semantic Field: | personal name |
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| Grammatical Categories: | dat. sg. |
| Stem Class: | o |
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| Morphemic Analysis: | lāt-u-mār-ūi̯ (?) |
| Phonemic Analysis: | /lā/atumārūi̯/ (?) |
| Meaning: | 'to/for Latumaros' |
Commentary
Compound personal name in the dative, formed with the common second element māro- 'great'. The etymology and thus semantics of the first element latu- are not quite clear. If it is a variant of the o-stem discussed on the morpheme page lāt- (Lejeune 1971: 58 f. with n. 165) meaning 'fury, heat', latumaros 'great in heroic fury' presents as a typical Gaulish PN. It is notable, however, that lato- is – unlike lati- – not common in personal names, which may indicate that latu- (also in names like CIL XIII 2802 latussio, latuna, laturus, see AcS II: 156, Delamarre 2007: 115) should be kept separate (Lejeune 1971: 59). Rhŷs 1913: 64 f. suggests a connection with W llad 'beer; gift' (→ 'great in drink = hospitality'), which is however reconstructed as an i-stem by Irslinger 2002: 206 f. (also Matasović 2009: 233). Eska 1998c: 74 reconstructs latu- < *pl̥h₂-tu-, presumably following Schmidt's interpretation of lato- as 'plain', which in the present case is dubious semantically.
A potential full comparandum is noted by Lejeune 1987: 498: line 1 of a stamp on an amphora from Ensérune, written in Celtiberian script and dated to the late 3rd–1st c. BC, was read laTuBaŕe by Untermann MLH II, 301, no. B1.364 (Hesperia HER.02.364; cf. also Stifter 2013b: 101). The stamp is, however, in very bad condition, rendering the attestation somewhat uncertain.
Morandi 2004: 551 compares CIL III 4724 lutumarus, which is formed with a different first element, viz. the u-stem lūtu- 'vigour', but see the morpheme pages on the semantics – if lāto- and lūtu- were similar in meaning in Gaulish, a contaminated variant lātu- is not out of the question. Cf. also RIIG BDR-12-07 (RIG G-69) λιτουμαρεος (patr.) with first element litu- 'celebration, festival' (DLG: 205, Irslinger 2002: 113 f.), which is mentioned as a comparandum for latumaros by Lattes 1896: 105.
Bibliography
| AcS | Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907. |
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| CIL | Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (17 volumes, various supplements) |
| Delamarre 2007 | Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007. |
| DLG | Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental, 2nd, revised edition, Paris: Errance 2003. |
| Eska 1998c | Josef Francis Eska, "PIE *p (doesn't become) Ø in proto Celtic", Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 58 (1998), 63-80. |
