kituaretos

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Attestation:	MI·24 (kituaretos?) (1)
Language:	Celtic
Word Type:	proper noun
Semantic Field:	personal name
Grammatical Categories:	nom. masc.
Stem Class:	o
Morphemic Analysis:	kint-u-u̯a-ret-os
Phonemic Analysis:	/ki(n)tuu̯aretos/
Meaning:	'Kituaretos'

Commentary

Compound personal name with first element kintu- 'first' (cf. Casini & Motta 2011: 467). A comparandum exists in the Galatian name centaretus (Pliny Nat. Hist. 8.158; also κεντοαράτης Aelianus Nat. Anim. 6.44, cintaretus Solinus 45.13; AcS I: 988 f., Freeman 2001: 37 f.), which – though evidently corrupt – shows the cluster in the first element and /t/ in the second element (thus excluding a comparison with CIL XIII 10010.1975 uaredo, 3707 uaredonius (u̯o-rēd-?) in Germania superior). The second element is best analysed as u̯a-reto- 'help' (as in OW -guaret 'deliver, help') lit. 'first helper, who comes to aid first', which finds a semantic comparandum in Breton cadwored with first element katu- lit. 'helper in battle' (cf. atepu). The form attests the sporadic development of u̯o- 'under' > u̯a-; cf. uasekia, uasi.

Alternatively, but unlikely, the second element could be u̯ar- suffixed with agentive -et-. An element u̯ara- or u̯ari- is sporadically attested in Gaulish names (see Delamarre 2007: 235 et passim) and unclear in terms of etymology; options include PIE *u̯ers- 'rise' (see uarsileos), PIE *u̯er- 'perceive', from which Matasović 2009: 219 f. derives *u̯ari̯o- in *ko(m)-u̯ari̯o- > OIr. coir, MW cywair 'in proper order' with generalised zero-grade (also OIr. córae < *ko(m)-u̯ari̯ā 'justice'; cf. Stifter 2003: 240 on the ethnonym quariates), u̯er-/u̯ar- '(body of) water' in the ethnonym trēu̯erī and, according to Vendryes 1936: 374, with zero-grade in the toponyms u̯arei̯ā (ES) and argantou̯ari̯ā (FR) and in the Gaulish ethnonym ambiu̯aretī (Caesar, B.G. VII 75.2), where it would appear with the same suffix as in kituaretos.

See Salomon 2024b: 24.

Corinna Salomon

Bibliography

AcS	Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907.
Casini & Motta 2011	Stefania Casini, Filippo Motta, "Alcune iscrizioni preromane inedite da Milano", Notizie Archeologiche Bergomensi 19 (2011), 459–469.
CIL	Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. (17 volumes, various supplements)
Delamarre 2007	Xavier Delamarre, Noms de personnes celtiques dans l'épigraphie classique. Nomina Celtica Antiqua Selecta Inscriptionum, Paris: Errance 2007.
Freeman 2001	Philip Freeman, The Galatian Language. A Comprehensive Survey of the Language of the Ancient Celts in Graeco-Roman Asia Minor [= Ancient Near Eastern Texts and Studies 13], Lampeter – Queenston: Edwin Mellen Press 2001.