VB·26: Difference between revisions
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{{inscription | {{inscription | ||
|reading=tunal / koimila | |reading=tunal / koimila | ||
|reading_lepontic={{c|L}}{{c|A}}{{c|N| | |reading_lepontic={{c|L}}{{c|A|A2}}{{c|N|N11}}{{c|U}}{{c|T}}<br>{{c|A}}{{c|L}}{{c|I}}{{c|M|M10}}{{c|I}}{{c|O|O2}}{{c|K}} | ||
|direction=sinistroverse | |direction=sinistroverse | ||
|letter_height_min= | |letter_height_min=5 cm | ||
|letter_height_max=7 cm | |||
|letter_number_min=12 | |letter_number_min=12 | ||
|word_number=2 | |word_number=2 | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
|frame_right=none | |frame_right=none | ||
|workmanship=carved | |workmanship=carved | ||
|condition= | |condition=complete | ||
|type_inscription=funerary | |type_inscription=funerary | ||
|language=unknown | |language=unknown | ||
| Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
|morandi=69 | |morandi=69 | ||
|source_detail=Morandi 2004: 565–567 no. 69 | |source_detail=Morandi 2004: 565–567 no. 69 | ||
|checklevel= | |checklevel=2 | ||
|problem=Lejeune 1971, 50,no. 124 koimila tunal | |problem=Lejeune 1971, 50, no. 124 koimila tunal, Foto Museum | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Commentary== | ==Commentary== | ||
First published in {{bib|Ferrero 1889}}: 262. | First published in {{bib|Ferrero 1889}}: 262 (e). Examined for LexLep on 24<sup>th</sup> April 2024. | ||
Images in {{bib|Ferrero 1889}}: 262 (drawing), {{bib|Ponti 1896}}: 153, no. 186 (drawing from Fabretti's calque), {{bib|Ferrero 1897}}: 57 (drawing from Fabretti's calque = {{bib|Danielsson 1909}}: 28). | Images in {{bib|Ferrero 1889}}: 262 (drawing), {{bib|Ponti 1896}}: 153, no. 186 (drawing from Fabretti's calque), {{bib|Ferrero 1897}}: 57 (drawing from Fabretti's calque = {{bib|Danielsson 1909}}: 28), {{bib|Caramella & De Giuli 1993}}: 210 (drawing). | ||
Inscribed between three horizontal lines, the uppermost ca. 25 cm from the top of the stela ( | Inscribed in two lines between three horizontal frame lines, the uppermost ca. 25 cm from the top of the stela (length line 1 26 cm, line 1 27 cm, height of both frame parts 8.5 cm). Despite surface damage, the letters can be cleary identified under raking light. The reading with Latin nu and (inverted) mu goes back to {{bib|Ferrero 1897}}: 57 f., no. 1. Whatmough {{bib|PID}} 107, no. 301, notes correctly that nu is in fact inverted Lepontic {{c||N11}}, the first hasta being higher than the bars forming the angle; the form thus constitutes a missing link between Lepontic and inverted/retrograde Latinoid nu in [[VB·27]] and [[VB·22]]. More difficult is Whatmough's assertion that, similarly, mu in line 2 is inverted {{c||M10}} rather than inverted Latin {{c||M7}} – the first hasta is indeed straighter, but only insignificantly longer than the following ones. Inverted Latin {{c||M7}} is otherwise only attested (debatably) in the [[BS·3.2|Voltino innscription]], but three- rather than regular Lepontic four bar mu would arguably still be due to Latin influence. It can be argued that a neat distinction between Lepontic vs. Latin forms of mu and nu through the relative lengths of the lines of the zig-zag shapes was of little to no relevance to the writers of these inscriptions. Inverted letters are notably common on the [[Stresa]] gravestones, see beside [[VB·22]] and [[VB·27]] also [[VB·23]]. | ||
Discussion of -''al'' already there and in {{bib|Danielsson 1909}}: 28 f. (''koimi latunal''(''i''), thus also {{bib|Jacobsohn 1927}}: 30, no. 188, and Whatmough {{bib|PID}} 107, no. 301), {{bib|Rhŷs 1913}}: 53 f., no. 3 (''koimila tunal''(''a'')), {{bib|Terracini 1927}}: 146, {{bib|Pisani 1964}}: 282 f., no. 119 E (''koimila tunal''), '''{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978c}}: 23 f.''', {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 152, {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1981}}: 169 f., no. 16 (''tunal koimila''), {{bib|Solinas 1995}}: 374, no. 125, {{bib|Morandi 2004}}: 565–567, no. 69. | |||
See also {{bib|Krahe 1936}}: 247, {{bib|Untermann 1960}}: 305. | See also {{bib|Krahe 1936}}: 247, {{bib|Untermann 1960}}: 305. | ||
<p style="text-align:right;>[[User:Corinna Salomon|Corinna Salomon]]</p> | |||
{{bibliography}} | {{bibliography}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:28, 15 May 2024
| Inscription | |
|---|---|
| Reading in transliteration: | tunal / koimila |
| Reading in original script: |          
|
|
| |
| Object: | VB·26 Stresa (stela) |
| Position: | top, front |
| Orientation: | 0° |
| Frame: |  (left: none, middle: all, right: none)
|
| Direction of writing: | sinistroverse |
| Script: | North Italic script (Lepontic alphabet) |
| adapted to: | Latin script |
| Letter height: | 5–7 cm1.969 in <br />2.756 in <br /> |
| Number of letters: | 12 |
| Number of words: | 2 |
| Number of lines: | 2 |
| Workmanship: | carved |
| Condition: | complete |
|
| |
| Archaeological culture: | La Tène D 2 [from object] |
| Date of inscription: | 1st c. BC [from object] |
|
| |
| Type: | funerary |
| Language: | unknown |
| Meaning: | unknown |
|
| |
| Alternative sigla: | Whatmough 1933 (PID): 301 Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 16 Solinas 1995: 125 Morandi 2004: 69 |
|
| |
| Sources: | Morandi 2004: 565–567 no. 69 |
Commentary
First published in Ferrero 1889: 262 (e). Examined for LexLep on 24th April 2024.
Images in Ferrero 1889: 262 (drawing), Ponti 1896: 153, no. 186 (drawing from Fabretti's calque), Ferrero 1897: 57 (drawing from Fabretti's calque = Danielsson 1909: 28), Caramella & De Giuli 1993: 210 (drawing).
Inscribed in two lines between three horizontal frame lines, the uppermost ca. 25 cm from the top of the stela (length line 1 26 cm, line 1 27 cm, height of both frame parts 8.5 cm). Despite surface damage, the letters can be cleary identified under raking light. The reading with Latin nu and (inverted) mu goes back to Ferrero 1897: 57 f., no. 1. Whatmough PID 107, no. 301, notes correctly that nu is in fact inverted Lepontic , the first hasta being higher than the bars forming the angle; the form thus constitutes a missing link between Lepontic and inverted/retrograde Latinoid nu in VB·27 and VB·22. More difficult is Whatmough's assertion that, similarly, mu in line 2 is inverted rather than inverted Latin 
– the first hasta is indeed straighter, but only insignificantly longer than the following ones. Inverted Latin is otherwise only attested (debatably) in the Voltino innscription, but three- rather than regular Lepontic four bar mu would arguably still be due to Latin influence. It can be argued that a neat distinction between Lepontic vs. Latin forms of mu and nu through the relative lengths of the lines of the zig-zag shapes was of little to no relevance to the writers of these inscriptions. Inverted letters are notably common on the Stresa gravestones, see beside VB·22 and VB·27 also VB·23.
Discussion of -al already there and in Danielsson 1909: 28 f. (koimi latunal(i), thus also Jacobsohn 1927: 30, no. 188, and Whatmough PID 107, no. 301), Rhŷs 1913: 53 f., no. 3 (koimila tunal(a)), Terracini 1927: 146, Pisani 1964: 282 f., no. 119 E (koimila tunal), Tibiletti Bruno 1978c: 23 f., Tibiletti Bruno 1978: 152, Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 169 f., no. 16 (tunal koimila), Solinas 1995: 374, no. 125, Morandi 2004: 565–567, no. 69.
See also Krahe 1936: 247, Untermann 1960: 305.
Bibliography
| Caramella & De Giuli 1993 | Pierangelo Caramella, Alberto De Giuli, Archeologia dell'Alto Novarese, Mergozzo: Antiquarium Mergozzo 1993. |
|---|---|
| Danielsson 1909 | Olof August Danielsson, Zu den venetischen und lepontischen Inschriften [= Skrifter utgivna av Kungliga Humanistiska Vetenskaps-Samfundet i Uppsala 13.1], Uppsala – Leipzig: 1909. |
| Ferrero 1889 | Ermanno Ferrero, "Regione XI. (Transpadana)", Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità (1889), 261–262. |
| Ferrero 1897 | Ermanno Ferrero, "Iscrizioni di Chignolo Verbano", Atti della Società di Archeologia e Belle Arti per la provincia di Torino 7 (1897), 56–60. |
