VC·1.2: Difference between revisions

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{{inscription
{{inscription
|reading=akisios : arkatokomaterekos!arkatokok / materekos : tośokote!tośo / kote : atom : teuoχtom!teuoχ / tom : koneu
|reading=akisios : arkatokomaterekos!arkatokok /arkatokomaterekos! materekos : tośokote!toṣ́o /tośokote! kote : atom!aṭom : teuoχtom!teuoχ / tom : koneu
|reading_lepontic={{c|A||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|I||d}}{{c|S}}{{c|I||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|S}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|R||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}<br />{{c|M|M6|d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|R||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|S}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|Ś||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}<br />{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|M|M6|d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|U||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|Χ|Χ3|d}}<br />{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|M|M5|d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|K||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|N||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|U||d}}
|reading_lepontic={{c|A||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|I||d}}{{c|S|S6|d}}{{c|I||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|S|S6|d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|R||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}<br />{{c|M|M6|d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|R||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|S|S6|d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|Ś||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}<br />{{c|K|K5|d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|A||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|M|M6|d}}{{c|separator||d}}{{c|T||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|U||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|Χ|Χ3|d}}<br />{{c|T||d}}{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|N||d}}?{{c|O|O2|d}}{{c|N||d}}{{c|E||d}}{{c|U||d}}
|reading_variant={{w|teuoχtom}} (Pisani 1979), {{w|teuoχtoni(o)n|teuoχtoni&#91;o&#93;n}}, {{w|atoś}} (Meid 1989)
|reading_variant={{w|teuoχtoni(o)n|teuoχtoni&#91;o&#93;n}}, {{w|atoś}} (Meid 1989)
|direction=dextroverse
|direction=dextroverse
|letter_height_min=3.2 cm
|letter_height_min=3.2 cm
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First published in {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}; already mentioned in {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1976}}: 106 f.
First published in {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}; already mentioned in {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1976}}: 106 f.


Images in {{bib|Lejeune 1988}}: 28, fig. 14 (photo) and 29, fig. 15 (drawing).
Images in {{bib|Baldacci 1978}}: fig. 1 (photo), {{bib|Lejeune 1988}}: 28, fig. 14 (photo) and 29, fig. 15 (drawing).
 
The alphabetically and linguistically vernacular part of the Vercelli bilingua is inscribed in four lines below the Latin part [[VC·1.1]]. Being less detailed and written in smaller letters, it takes up only a third of the space of the Latin part; it was carved by a different hand and with a different, more pointed instrument ({{bib|Baldacci 1978}}: 336 f., {{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}: 356). Though it is evidently secondary, the increasingly economical spacing of the Latin part shows that its addition was planned from the beginning ({{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}: 356). That the carver was not familiar with writing the Lepontic alphabet and Celtic language may be indicated by the dittographical misspelling ''arkatoko''{''k''}''materekos'' for {{w||arkatokomaterekos}} ({{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}: 357). The alphabet also shows some Latin interference in the form of the separator (a single dot) and Latin mu {{c||M6|d}} as in the Latin part; rounded sigma {{c||S6|d}} and large omicron {{c||O2|d}} may also be considered graphically Latinised forms.
 
Note that the cluster /{{p||n}}{{p||t}}/ is reflected by {{c||T|d}} in {{w||arkatokomaterekos}} and {{w||atom}} as usual in the Lepontic alphabet, but spelled ⟨nt⟩ in the Latin part ({{w||argantocomaterecus}}). This may indicate that nasal effacement in this position (and presumably compensatory lengthening) was not executed fully, but that /{{p||n}}/ was only weakened, unless the nasal was restituted in this form by a Latin speaker based on Latin ''argentum''.
 
Tibiletti Bruno in the first publication (p. 360) read ''atom teuoχtom'' as a congruent acc.sg. phrase, followed by ''koneu''.
 
{{w||arkatokomaterekos}}: TB 366 f. patronym in -''eko''-.
 
The Celtic text is not a translation of the Latin one (or its original), but an abbreviated version, omitting the reference to the four termini and to the end of the ''campus'' which identifies the stela as one of them.


Ascribed by Lejeune to the Libicii (as are [[PV·1]] and [[PV·4]]), a Gaulish tribe reported to have settled between Ticino and Po (for the sources s. {{bib|AcS}} II: 204).
Ascribed by Lejeune to the Libicii (as are [[PV·1]] and [[PV·4]]), a Gaulish tribe reported to have settled between Ticino and Po (for the sources s. {{bib|AcS}} II: 204).


The scribe wrote ''arkatoko{k}materekos'', which is an obvious dittographical error for {{w||arkatokomaterekos}} (see {{bib|Eska 2000}}: 200 fn. 9).
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1976}}: 106 f.
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1977}}
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 157 f.
*{{bib|Tibiletti Bruno 1978}}: 157 f.

Revision as of 23:52, 1 March 2024

edit with form
Inscription
Reading in transliteration: akisios : arkatokok / materekos : toṣ́o / kote : aṭom : teuoχ / tom : koneu
Reading in original script: A dK5 dI dS6 dI dO2 dS6 dseparator dA dR dK5 dA dT dO2 dK5 dO2 dK5 d
M6 dA dT dE dR dE dK5 dO2 dS6 dseparator dT dO2 dŚ dO2 d
K5 dO2 dT dE dseparator dA dT dO2 dM6 dseparator dT dE dU dO2 dΧ3 d
T dO2 dN d?O2 dN dE dU d
Variant reading: teuoχtoni[o]n, atoś (Meid 1989)
Object: VC·1 Vercelli (boundary stone)
(Inscriptions: VC·1.1, VC·1.2)
Position: front, bottom
Orientation: 0°
Direction of writing: dextroverse
Script: North Italic script (Lepontic alphabet)
Letter height: 3.2–5.6 cm1.26 in <br />2.205 in <br />
Number of letters: 50
Number of words: 6
Number of lines: 4
Workmanship: carved
Condition: complete, damaged
Archaeological culture: Late Republican [from object]
Date of inscription: shortly before the middle of 1st century BC [from object]
Type: dedicatory
Language: Cisalpine Gaulish
Meaning: 'Akisios the treasurer (?) has given it, the precinct (?) of gods and men, ex voto'
Alternative sigla: Tibiletti Bruno 1981: 34
Solinas 1995: 141 b
Morandi 2004: 100 9–12
Sources: Morandi 2004: 589 f. no. 100

Images

VC·1.1, VC·1.2
Inscriptions VC·1.1 and VC·1.2 from Morandi
VC·1 Vercelli
Stela VC·1 Vercelli with inscriptions VC·1.1 and VC·1.2 from Morandi

Commentary

First published in Tibiletti Bruno 1977; already mentioned in Tibiletti Bruno 1976: 106 f.

Images in Baldacci 1978: fig. 1 (photo), Lejeune 1988: 28, fig. 14 (photo) and 29, fig. 15 (drawing).

The alphabetically and linguistically vernacular part of the Vercelli bilingua is inscribed in four lines below the Latin part VC·1.1. Being less detailed and written in smaller letters, it takes up only a third of the space of the Latin part; it was carved by a different hand and with a different, more pointed instrument (Baldacci 1978: 336 f., Tibiletti Bruno 1977: 356). Though it is evidently secondary, the increasingly economical spacing of the Latin part shows that its addition was planned from the beginning (Tibiletti Bruno 1977: 356). That the carver was not familiar with writing the Lepontic alphabet and Celtic language may be indicated by the dittographical misspelling arkatoko{k}materekos for arkatokomaterekos (Tibiletti Bruno 1977: 357). The alphabet also shows some Latin interference in the form of the separator (a single dot) and Latin mu M6 d as in the Latin part; rounded sigma S6 d and large omicron O2 d may also be considered graphically Latinised forms.

Note that the cluster /nt/ is reflected by T d in arkatokomaterekos and atom as usual in the Lepontic alphabet, but spelled ⟨nt⟩ in the Latin part (argantocomaterecus). This may indicate that nasal effacement in this position (and presumably compensatory lengthening) was not executed fully, but that /n/ was only weakened, unless the nasal was restituted in this form by a Latin speaker based on Latin argentum.

Tibiletti Bruno in the first publication (p. 360) read atom teuoχtom as a congruent acc.sg. phrase, followed by koneu.

arkatokomaterekos: TB 366 f. patronym in -eko-.

The Celtic text is not a translation of the Latin one (or its original), but an abbreviated version, omitting the reference to the four termini and to the end of the campus which identifies the stela as one of them.

Ascribed by Lejeune to the Libicii (as are PV·1 and PV·4), a Gaulish tribe reported to have settled between Ticino and Po (for the sources s. AcS II: 204).

Bibliography

AcS Alfred Holder, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz, Leipzig: Teubner 1896–1907.
Baldacci 1978 Paolo Baldacci, "Una bilingue latino-gallica di Vercelli", Atti dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 32 (1977 [1978]), 335–347.
Bonfante 1979 Giuliano Bonfante, "Il Retico, il Leponzio, il Ligure, il Gallico, il Sardo, il Corso", Atti dei Colloqui Lincei ( = Le Iscrizioni Prelatine in Italia; Roma, marzo 1977) 39 (1979).
Gambari 1991 Filippo Maria Gambari, "La stele di Cureggio: una nuova iscrizione epicorica preromana dal Novarese", Sibrium 21 (1990–1991), 227–237.
Gambari 2011 Filippo Maria Gambari, "Le pietre dei signori del fiume: il cippo iscritto e le stele del primo periodo della cultura di Golasecca", in: Filippo Maria Gambari, Raffaella Cerri (eds), L'alba della città. Le prime necropoli del centro protourbano di Castelletto Ticino, Novara: 2011, 19–32.
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